Bunin, "In the village": summary, analysis and feedback

For a thoughtful reader who aspires to understand and experience the deep nature of a primordially Russian village, one can certainly recommend reading this story. Infinitely truthful and profound in the meaning of the work wrote Ivan Bunin. "In the village" - a book conceptual, addressed to a simple reader, and to the best minds of the Fatherland. This work was for the contemporaries of the classics both a revelation and a warning.

The Story "In the Village" - shock therapy

In the depth of its presentation this story is akin to a novel. For the first time it demonstrated the inconsistency of official views on the peasantry, presented the truth clearly and visibly to the broad masses of readers about the triviality and hopelessness of most of Russia.

Scottish life determines the wretched consciousness of the villagers. The rural lumpen Koshel can not even tell about his impressions of the seen Caucasus Mountains. All that he manages to mimic is "a mountain on the mountain." In the village, the path to science for children is closed. Their education in primary school is handled by a former soldier, illiterate and tongue-tied. Instead of teaching, he drills children.

The life of the peasants is illogical, irrational. The top of idiocy is shown by the man named Gray. He builds a hut, but does not prepare firewood on the eve of the cold weather. In winter, heating the house, Gray burns the roof, and then sells the house itself. Moreover, having more than all the land, he manages to be the poorest person in the village. Is this episode an allegory of the existing rural way of the whole of Russia?

The master's pen boldly, deeply and reliably shows the panorama of the archaic, "cave", poor country life.

Bunin reveals the tragedy of the people's vegetation before the readers. "In the countryside" illuminates the essence of this decline, which lasts from serfdom, which passes from generation to generation. People suffer in a whirlpool of lack of spirituality. Because of the surrounding lies, envy, meanness, hatred, theft, even the brightest of them lose their vitality, dreams, aspirations. Trying to build a happy life happily turns out to be powerless to do it.

Does not embellish, does not idealize the life of the peasant, does not bring into it an artificial and unnatural harmony Bunin. "In the village" - the work is honest. It is volume and panoramic. The author, sometimes with bitter lyrics, but more often with ruthless truth, tells us the story of the life of the two Krasiv brothers: Tikhon and Kuzma, living in a village with a characteristic name - Durnovka.

A work about the regress of Russia

This work, after its publication in November 1910, caused an unprecedentedly heated polemic in Russian society. Even the accused of hatred of Russia was Bunin. The story "In the countryside" is a grotesque work, which really showed the indifference of Russian life. But after all, Bunin wrote truthfully! The faithful liars, the so-called Narodniks, were not able to carry out the planned harassment against Ivan Alekseevich. Maxim Gorky stood up for the future laureate.

How deeply the author of the story has sensed the nuances of the soul of the people! "We are a wonderful people, a motley soul, that is a pure dog, then ... He cries over himself."

Summary of the story. Two brothers

In the young years, the main characters in the story, the brothers Kuzma and Tikhon, were engaged in trade together. However, not for long. They were very different. Between them a quarrel arose, and everyone went their own way of life.

Both brothers are perceptive people. They are not just participants in the story of the story, they are extras in the surrounding reality, but they also give them a deep appreciation.

Tikhon is an economic man. He has the power of will and is able to carry out the conceived: having removed an inn, set up a shop there and opened a tavern. Skillfully leading the economy, earned money. The income earned served Tikhon's initial capital in order to acquire a higher social status. He begins to buy up land and bread on the root of the landlords who do not have a business acumen. As a result of his reasonable and purposeful management, Tikhon buys a village manor house in Durnovka, where his grandfather was also a serf.

Kuzma is a talent, crushed by poverty and indifference

Two relatives-antagonists depicted in his story Bunin ("In the village"). The summary of the work on Kuzma's life searches can be expressed in a single word - a crisis.

Since childhood he has been obsessed with the desire to learn. The neighbor, sympathizing, taught him to read and write. A familiar old harmonica instilled in him a love of literature. Kuzma dreamed of becoming a writer, then he tried to compose verses to honestly tell people about the unattractiveness of the surrounding life ... Bunin ("In the Village") tells sympathetically about this character in his work. An analysis of the spiritual quest of this naive anarchist, the beginning poet of the "supersonist" type, in Russian dealing with spiritual self-flagellation, can not remain indifferent. Kuzma is a tragic character, he tries to become spiritual in a spiritless society. He initially condemns himself to become a lamb to the slaughter, a talent with "broken wings", tormented by "fate and need."

Unfulfilled literary career

The story he wrote was unclaimed. Then Kuzma managed to publish a collection of his poems.

However, he himself understood that his attempts were weak in terms of the level of writing. In addition, the writer-loser is forced to spend more mental energy on obtaining daily bread than on literature. His desire for creativity has not gained support and help. Kuzma drank, realizing the invincibility of human indifference. For himself, this lonely disbelieving person has identified two perspectives: a monastery or suicide.

It was at this critical moment that Brother Tikhon addressed him with reconciliation, proposing to become a clerk in the acquired estate. Approaching the half-century age, the elder brother decided to reconcile with Kuzma. He forgave him and other character, and other aspirations.

Kuzma was inspired. Finally, he had a chance to earn real money. During the day he kept books of records, and at night guarded the property. However, he soon realized that his efforts did not lead to profit.

Meanwhile, the economy was going shaky neither in the poor manor of the village of Durnovka.

The root cause of problems with household plots

The theme of the village in Bunin's work is realistic and philosophically truthful: one can not build happiness on the misfortune of another.

The rural community at the beginning of the XX century lost its monolithic stability, which has since ancient times consolidated the entire Russian statehood. In this story Bunin ("In the Village") wrote about this disturbing tendency. Readers of thoughtful readers note that as a result of the material and ideological stratification of rural residents, apocalyptic, hating all and all lumpens of the Deniski type appeared.

The village nouveau riche himself Tikhon Krasov became the product of this decay and decay. After all, in fact, he built his wealth in a period of general impoverishment, buying up land and acquiring the same kind of estate. His prosperity is short-lived. He feels it and suffers: even if he has got wealth into his hands, he is powerless to stop this fatal, apocalyptic decadence of all Russia, which impulsively attracts him and the poorest of Durnovka peasants to the collapse of the whole state system.

Tikhon never managed to establish normal agricultural production in his estate, although he exerted a lot of effort trying to organize it. In his failures, he blamed the intractability and malice of the local peasants. It is obvious that the estate has to be sold at a disadvantageous price.

Sin of Timothy the Baptism

Real, modern social processes describe his story Bunin ("In the village"). The summary of this work boils down to the fact that the economic Tikhon feels deeply unhappy for personal reasons.
He dreamed of a large family, but his wife conceived only girls, and they were born dead. In fact, the new owner of the manor estate, after living to the age of fifty, suffered from loneliness. He even started drinking. "Without children, a person is not a person." So, some kind of scraps. "

Then Tikhon got himself a mistress of young peasant women, cook Avdotya, who works in the estate. He sinned with her for one purpose - wanting to find a child. However, this did not work either. The connection between Avdotya and Tikhon was soon learned by the peasants in Durnovka, and the girl became an outcast. And so did his passion: in the parade scarf inside out.

This is not the only episode when Bunin ("In the Village") mentions arbitrariness in the rural community. The analysis made by the classic touched upon the urgency of education and peasant education. The author calls on the best minds of Russia to contribute to the upbringing of spirituality and charity among ordinary people.

Timofey's awareness of his guilt

Cruelly and selfishly, the rural rich Krasous went to the young woman Avdotya, breaking her life because of the desire to have children. He did not like her. Perhaps, therefore, when his brother Kuzma, working as a clerk, fell seriously ill, from Avdotya, he received neither help nor sympathy. On the contrary, the woman left the estate, leaving him alone, feeble to the mercy of fate.

In the future, Tikhon, sensing her personal guilt before this woman, decides all the same to equip her life by marrying. However, his desire to do good ends with another misfortune for Avdotya. The only guy who was tempted by Tikhon's money and agreed to marry was Deniska, accursed. He is quite capable of hitting his wife to death. The girl is afraid of this fan.

The main question of the story

This work, despite its apparent locality (the events take place in the village of Durnovka), made us think about the fate of the whole country. Deeply aware of the challenges ahead of time, Bunin wrote with ruthless truthfulness.

In the village (the opinions of the intelligentsia were unanimous), the best forces of the Russian society needed to start reforms urgently in order to avoid a social catastrophe. The fact remains: before the "Village" Bunin, no one in Russia seriously studied the problems of the peasantry. Perhaps, therefore, the writer was elected an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The most perceptive review of the story was given by Maxim Gorky. He understood: Bunin wrote his essay not on specific peasants or the village, he asked the full force of his talent on the eve of the coming social catastrophe: "To be Russia or not to be?".

By means of composition

Bunin created Bunin's work "In the Village" in an amazingly holistic manner. His composition includes a lot of false scenes with a variety of background characters, grotesquely characterizing the general fall of morals and the emergence of destructive accents in the national character. The landscapes presented by the author of the story give completeness, completeness to the social aspects of the story: "the church of wild color", "small clay pond", "dung dam", "dense yellow water". And sometimes an element of mysticism even enters the landscape images of Bunin, as, for example, in the rain scene: "black darkness has burst open," a "deadly blue light" has poured out.

Apocalyptic motif permeates the whole story "In the village." Bunin maximizes it in the final scene. Horrible rushing wedding sleds, driving his wife - the outcast of the village and the bride-fan - in the middle of a terrible blizzard. The guests invited to the wedding make frenzied shouts, eerily dancing.

Creative method of the author

Quite expected the question arises: "Why is the classic so narrowed the subject of his description?". Indeed, why does an intellectual who deeply understands the life of Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century did not take up the epic canvas as akin to "War and Peace"?

It's all about the creative method Bunin used. "In the village" answers the question posed by us clearly and concisely. The answer is contained in the story itself. One of its heroes exhaustively and generously speaks about the whole of vast Russia: "Yes, it's all a village ...!".

The book about Russia

It was about all of Russia that Bunin wrote! The story "In the countryside" is a narrative about the whole country, the brothers of Krasova are her best men - toilers, the salt of her land, capable of changing her environment in her potential, business acumen and natural talent. They really can do it. But not in a state where everyone is for themselves and everyone is against everyone! Bunin shows the anatomy of destruction, deactivation of their original constructive positive potential "cave life". The ideals of the Krasous brothers gradually fade, they are increasingly beginning to compromise with their conscience ...

Conclusion

Ivan Alexeevich Bunin by right can be called a person kneeling in disrepute. He, like a classic, felt with all his heart the suffering of the people, the threats and challenges facing him. Realizing the same apocalyptic tendencies in Russian society, he boldly, bravely, regardless of his opinions and opinions, warned his compatriots at the top of his voice.

So systematically before him, no one wrote about the destruction of one of the main foundations of statehood in the early 20th century. The peasant country at the turn of the century really turned out to be poor, lost its face, lost the principle of continuity.

The Russian village in the image of Bunin appears before us deeply and in relief. On the example of the village of Durnovki and the Krasovy brothers, the writer managed to show the general crisis of the whole village infrastructure: social, spiritual, moral. Classic anticipated the threat of the future collapse of the Russian state.