Briefly: Stolypin's reform, its essence and results

To put it briefly, Stolypin's reform in the agrarian sphere was a set of certain measures that were implemented with the aim of improving the situation of the peasants in the country, as well as reviving the economic life of the state.

On the prerequisites for reform (briefly)

The reform of Stolypin meant a comprehensive modernization of the social, Political and economic life of the state. The fact is that already at the end of the XIX - the first decade of the XX century, the backwardness of the Russian Empire from the developed states of Europe was clearly revealed. And though the royal court continued to shine with magnificent balls and exemplary luxury, a painful crisis was brewing in the country. Commodity-economic relations were developing poorly, the formation of the bourgeoisie and the working class was hopelessly behind in the pace of the Western world, agriculture, like centuries ago, was based on primitive manual labor, which contrasted sharply with the results of the industrial revolution in England, France and even Germany. Moreover, the aristocracy in Russia for the most part did not hurry to transfer the economy of its economies to a capitalistic rut, continuing to squeeze the juices from the peasants. What can we say about the latter. Serfdom was abolished half a century ago, but its relic, the rural community, was never liquidated. Weakening from the inside, the empire risked repeating the sad path of Iran or Turkey, which This time turned into semi-dependent raw materials appendages of Europe. Stolypin's agrarian reform (which will be briefly discussed below), as well as transformations in other sectors of the state economy, were clearly evident. The head of the government himself came to power in a troubled year 1906, when under Nicholas Romanov the throne first staggered.

Reforms of Stolypin: a summary

Transformations of Peter Arkadievich concerned several state spheres. In particular, the Zemstvo reform assumed a broader distribution throughout the country of the organs of zemstvo self-government, which were to replace the reactionary gentry and gentry (in Ukraine) authorities. Industrial reform introduced new rules in labor relations, which was extremely necessary in the conditions of the emerging classes of capitalist industrialists and workers. However, the most important in the activities of the tsarist government were the transformation in agriculture.

On the objectives and implementation of the agrarian reform (briefly)

Stolypin's reform in agriculture was aimed at creating a strong class of independent peasant farms (following the example of American farmers), as well as developing the vast expanses of Siberia. For the first purpose, with the support of the state, the lending bank massively issued loans to all those who wished to leave the community for peasants to create their own farm. To the credit of the government it is worth noting that the percentage was very low and feasible. However, when the loan was not returned, the land purchased was taken away and again put up for sale. In this way Further stimulated economic activity. In Siberia, the land was allocated by the government and at no cost to all comers, according to the second reform program. The Cabinet in every possible way stimulated the relocation of peasants to the east of the country and the development of infrastructure there. For this purpose, the so-called "Stolypin wagons" were created.

On the results of the agrarian reform (briefly)

Reform Stolypin really began to give positive results. However, she was slowed down by the death of Peter Arkadyevich in 1911, and then completely interrupted by the First World War. At the same time, slightly more than 10% of the peasant class withdrew from the communities, having developed independent economic activity oriented to the market. In modern historiography, Peter Stolypin's activities are generally appreciated positively.