Blood infection. Pathogens of blood infections. Prevention of diseases

A person is attacked by various pathological microorganisms. Some are transmitted by airborne droplets, others through blood. How to deal with blood infections, and what are the causes of their occurrence?

What is a blood infection?

It is an infectious disease that occurs when a pathogenic microflora enters the body through the blood. Recently, such microorganisms often affect human health. The causative agents of blood infections are viruses, protozoa, bacteria and rickettsia. They are constantly in the circulatory system, that is, in a closed space, and can not freely exit from the human body.

These include especially dangerous infections such as plague, yellow fever, malaria, typhus. These diseases are most often transmitted by insects: ticks, fleas, lice. Such a blood infection is transmitted through the saliva of an insect from one person or animal to another at a time when they are bitten by this insect itself. This type of diseases is also referred to as HIV infection and viral hepatitis. They can enter the human body through infected instruments, during sexual intercourse.

What are the types of these diseases?

Blood infection can be of two types: transmissive and non-transmissible. Transmissible blood infections are carried by living beings. They include the plague, malaria, hemorrhagic fevers, typhus. Sources of such infections can be a sick person or animal, and carriers - insects.

Pathogens are constantly multiplying during the time they are in the body of parasites. Pathogenic microorganisms can be found not only in the saliva of an insect, but also in its body, or on its surface. A person can be infected not only with a bite, but when crushing a parasite.

Non-transmissible blood infections are transmitted directly from person to person during contact.

Infectious processes in the blood can be bacterial and viral. Bloody viral infections occur when a person of an appropriate type enters the human body. It can be a human immunodeficiency virus or a viral hepatitis. Bloody bacterial infections occur when a bacterium enters the body, for example, a malignant agent.

Ways of transmission of blood infections

Among the ways of transmission of blood infections are:

• transmissible;
• natural;
• artificial.

A bloodborne infection transmitted by the transmission route, that is, arising from infection through the blood, occurs when some insects bite.

The natural way of transmission of this pathology is from mother to fetus, during lactation, during sexual intercourse.

Artificially, a person can get infected if the pathogen gets on the damaged skin and mucous membranes, during medical procedures and operations through poorly processed instruments. A person can be infected with blood transfusion by transfusion of contaminated blood. Injecting drug users can infect each other when using one syringe by two or more persons.

The role of parasites in transmission of infection

Several types of parasites can transmit the infection, for example, lice. They parasitize only in humans, so they can carry infectious diseases, such as parasitic typhus.

Such a disease as malaria, can occur only if the malarial plasmodium passes the cycle of development in the body of a female mosquito genus Anopheles.

In the outbreak of the plague, rodents such as rats play an enormous role. And tick-borne encephalitis can be transmitted by mites that carry the infection.

Therefore, as the preventive measures of blood infections, the leading role belongs to such activities as disinfection (fighting with pathogenic organisms), disinfestation (fighting insects that are spread by pathogenic microorganisms), deratization (fighting wild rodents).

Signs of a human's blood infection

When the causative agent of the infectious process enters the human body, its increased reproduction takes place. This is reflected both on the person's health, on his appearance, and on laboratory and clinical indicators.

All infectious diseases transmitted through the blood have their manifestations, but there are also those that are common to all these pathologies. Symptoms of human blood infections are:

• rapid pulse;
• Increased body temperature;
• Pain in the head;
• weakness;
• Lethargy;
• Decreased appetite;
• The skin becomes pale;
• Diarrhea or vomiting may occur.

Diagnosis of blood infections

If there is a suspicion of an infection in the patient's blood, he is assigned a clinical analysis of this biological fluid. In the presence of an infectious focus in the analysis results, there will be an increase in the number of leukocytes, sticks, increased ESR. If you suspect a malaria, a blood smear is applied to a thick drop.

Be sure to examine the urine for a general analysis. At far gone processes the function of the kidneys is disrupted, which will be reflected in laboratory indicators.

Biochemical blood tests are mandatory for suspected infectious blood processes. In this case, the blood is examined for HIV and syphilis (these tests are mandatory for any hospitalization and preventive medical examination).

When bacterial infections are suspected, bacteriological cultures are produced.

Treatment of such infection

Most blood infections are life threatening conditions. Therefore, all patients with suspicion of this ailment are hospitalized. For each infectious disease - its specific treatment. But almost all require the appointment of antibacterial therapy, a large number of vitamins and trace elements that help the body cope with the disease.

Also prescribed detoxification therapy in the form of intravenous drip glucose, Ringer's solution, physiological solution.

Prevention of such diseases

To protect yourself from infections transmitted through the blood, you must follow the rules of personal hygiene. After visiting the toilet, you must wash your hands with soap and water. Fruits and vegetables before eating thoroughly wash with warm water. To monitor the cleanliness of bedding, personal hygiene. It is important to ensure the constant purity of the body, the clothes of a man, his shoes. This is necessary to prevent infection in the house.

Prevention of blood infections is also carried out at the state level, with the help of certain programs for draining wetlands, inspections and so on. To get rid of zavshivlennosti in children's institutions and various organizations periodically conducted a medical check. After a rest in the forest, it's important to examine yourself and the children to avoid getting the mites under your skin. From pathogens on the skin will help the constant washing of hands. It is important to fight with pediculosis, to destroy mosquitoes and various rodents. On the windows in the summer, you should hang an mosquito net.

Also for the prevention of viral blood infections it is necessary to avoid promiscuous sexual contacts. For medical procedures, use only sterile instruments and gloves.