Biopsy biopsies

With malignant disease, early diagnosis is vital. One of the most effective and popular diagnostic methods for modern medicine is biopsy. The essence of this procedure is to take a sample of tissue (biopsy) with suspicion of cancer and its study under a microscope in the laboratory. Modern technology allows you to penetrate into any organ, so that the tissue sample can be taken from any part of the body. Sometimes, by conducting a biopsy, the doctor removes pathologically altered tissue sites, so in addition to diagnostic purposes, biopsy often pursues therapeutic ones.

There are several types of biopsies, which differ in the way the biopsy specimen is obtained.

1. Excisional biopsy , differing in the scale of the intervention, consists in the surgical removal of the whole organ or pathological formation.
2. With incisional biopsy, parts of the organ or tissue that are damaged or damaged by the pathological process are removed.
3. Puncture biopsy involves taking an interesting tissue fragment using a special thin hollow needle, which pierce the tissue.
4. In aspiration biopsy, the contents of a particular organ or cavity are aspirated by means of a medical syringe. The method is characterized by the speed of the procedure, as well as its availability. However, it allows only a cytological examination, that is, to evaluate the cellular composition of a tissue sample. It is impossible to determine the structure of the extracted biopsy specimen (to conduct a histological examination) using aspiration biopsy.
5. When endoscopic biopsy is used a special device - an endoscope, through which the removal of biological material.

The role of biopsy in the early diagnosis of diseases can not be overemphasized. Knowledge of the cellular composition and structure of a seized tissue sample allows one to judge the presence of a particular disease, its nature and extent. This method guarantees the detection of pathology in the early stages of its development, which is the absolute condition of survival in a malignant tumor. To confirm the diagnosis, in order to supplement the results of the biopsy, other diagnostic methods are used: X-ray, endoscopic, immunological, etc. Biopsy is also used to determine the extent of surgical intervention to remove cancerous tumors.

There are several techniques for performing a biopsy, which are aimed at examining the organ or tissue of interest.

Fibrogastroscopy is performed for diseases and disorders of the digestive tract. During the procedure, the patient is injected into the mouth with a thin and flexible tube, inside which the thread extends. At the end of the thread there are tongs, which take biological material. When polyps are found, they are removed.

Fibrocolonoscopy is performed with diseases of the large intestine. The procedure for performing the procedure is no different from the procedure described above.

In some cases, a biopsy gun is used, from which a lightning shot is carried out, which cuts the tissue. As a result, a thin column of solid tissue remains in the needle at the end of the gun.

Complications after a biopsy, as a rule, are rare. Some patients may experience short pain during and after the procedure. Severe pain is a rare occurrence. The statistics say that the fatal outcome after a biopsy occurs only in 1 case out of 10,000. This indicates a relative safety of the procedure.

Contraindications to biopsies are not so many, but they are. These include violations of the blood clotting system, the lack of positive therapeutic dynamics, the possibility of carrying out non-invasive diagnostic measures, as well as a written refusal of the patient to perform the procedure.