Biography and years of life of Ivan Ivanovich Krylov

Years of Krylov's life and biography in a number of articles have gaps, when it is not known what the playwright, journalist, fabulist was doing. He himself during his lifetime refused to edit his biography in a very sharp form: "I read it; Neither correct nor correct time nor hunting. " Is it because, for all its publicity, both the fabulist himself and the years of Krylov's life are somewhat mysterious.

Early childhood

In the family of a modest Lieutenant Krylov in early February 1769 in Moscow, his son Ivan was born. During the Pugachev rebellion four-year-old Vanyusha lived with his mother in besieged Orenburg, and at that time his father defended the Yaitsk town and worried about the family. Pugachev promised to destroy not only the captain, but also his family. In those years of Krylov's life, still a baby, there was a fire of fires, and alarming outbursts. When the peasant war began to wane, the brave Maria Alekseevna went with her son to Yaik, to her beloved husband. The years of Krylov's life in the Yaitsk fortress were skated in winter on the sled, watching how the adult Cossacks are engaged in the underwater fishing of sturgeons and sterlets. In the evenings, the father, who had a chest with books, read entertaining novels and instructive stories to his family.

In Tver

In 1775, Ivan Krylov's father retired and went with his family to his mother. Having no money, Krylov himself taught his son a letter, but he read eagerly. The boy walked a lot around the city, watching the lives of citizens and visiting debates in the seminary. There he first became acquainted with the performances, which on the stage were arranged by the seminarians. In these sketches, ridicule was bribed, procrastination, and pettifogging. Here, for the first time, Ivan saw firsthand what satire is. On the streets, he learned to speak a little Italian himself (many foreigners were in Tver) and play the violin. And in the house of the landowner Lvov he was allowed to study with teachers. And he began to study arithmetic, geometry and French. Thus the years of Krylov's life fled. And my father was very ill, there was almost no money. In addition, another son was born - Levushka. Krylov-the father did not rise and soon died, leaving the family almost in poverty.

St. Petersburg

Mothers with two sons had to go to the capital to work on a pension. In 1783, the teenager began to serve on the breech. And at the age of 16, his literary talent first appeared: he wrote the libretto of the opera "The Coffee House". A year later appeared the drama "Cleopatra", and later - the tragedy "Philomel". At the same time he wrote the comic opera The Mad Family and the comedy The Writer in the Hallway Ivan Krylov, whose years of life can be described as prolific. But the young man is looking for himself. The 90th years of Krylov's life and personal life are marked by a sad event - his mother dies, and the younger brother Levushka remains in the care of Ivan Andreyevich. They tend to treat each other with tenderness.

Satirical magazine

His publication was preceded by the comedy "Pranksters", in which the then leading playwright Ya. B. Knyazhnin recognized himself and his family. This caricature, which was not distinguished by complacency, greatly angered Yakov Borisovich and the theater directorate. However, Krylov does not lose heart, but begins to publish the magazine "The Post of Spirits." Here, gradually manifested talent, marked by the sharp eye of the satirist. But the magazine has to close - too few subscribers.

Unfortunate fiancé

In 1791, after the massacre of Radishchev, Krylov was oppressed by Petersburg, and when one of his acquaintances suggested that he go to Orel province, he gladly agreed. There, visiting various estates, a young 22-year-old metropolitan poet met a young girl Anna Alexeevna Konstantinova. He was seriously carried away, just fell in love and made an offer, but was refused, because he was too low-born and poor.

Publisher and journalist

Then he returned home and immersed himself in the publishing business, which he discovered on a share with Klushin and Plavilschikovym. Articles Krylov, who became more demanding of his style, in the magazine "Spectator" sparkled wit. He wrote an oriental tale "Kaib", which is permeated with satire. Under the eastern garb of the viziers, grandees and dignitaries of Russia are guessed. The St. Petersburg fairy tale "Night" also strongly affected the court aristocrats, serf-owners and odopists. "Spectator" chuckled at the craze for Western novels, sentimentalism. A strict observation was established for the magazine, and Krylov for the time being departed from literature and journalism.

Voluntary link

Inactivity and impending lack of money, a young and previously cheerful writer began to feel uneasy. But one day a deck of cards lay in his hands. From the gambling table, he stood up with weighed pockets. Gambling enticed him, but at the gambling table he watched another life, not familiar to him. There was a change of seats: Yaroslavl, Tver, Tambov, Tula. Nizhny Novgorod ... Being at an age, Krylov recalled that he was attracted not by winnings, but by strong feelings. And memory accumulated plots, images, epithets, comparisons. So the years of life of Ivan Ivanovich Krylov went. He thought about himself and those who surrounded him - people who killed time and energy for trifles and nonsense.

Return to St. Petersburg

It took place after the death of Catherine II, who hated Krylov, who in the last years of her reign was strangling any living thought. Accidentally on the street, Krylov encountered Paul I, who mistook him for someone else and invited him to come in without being embarrassed. Krylov took advantage of the invitation, and the empress took it. Witty and lively, moderately respectful, he liked Maria Feodorovna. But from the suffocating capital Krylov again went to the province. Occasionally he published his articles and translations from Italian, French and German, which he had by now seriously studied.

Fabulist

By 1805, many changes had taken place in Krylov's life. He was a teacher of Prince Golitsyn's children, he served, wrote comedies and in Moscow showed II Dmitriev translations of Lafontaine's fables. Finally the 36-year-old writer found himself. And yet he continues to write plays. They were successful, and he became a famous playwright, but he did not quit fables. So passed the life of Krylov-fabulist. He is treated kindly and not offended materially. The government pays him high pensions, constantly raising them. For literary merits, he was already approved by Academician Nikolai I. If at the beginning of his work he relied on the stories of Lafontaine, Aesop, now the author begins to find topical acute Russian subjects, such as "Swan, Cancer and Pike", for example. And gradually he becomes a people's writer, who is all quoted. Its popularity is great. Young Belinsky put him in the same row as Pushkin, Griboyedov and Lermontov.

Biography and years of life of Ivan Ivanovich Krylov are concluded in a rather long period of time - 75 years. We appreciate this man for his mind, in which confusion and mockery are mixed, for his lively and clear Russian syllable. He was able to ridicule the shortcomings of Krylov thin, sharp and evil. The years of life and death (1769 - 1844) - the time of stagnation in society, then enthusiasm, then again the pressure of the government on a thinking person.

Biography for children

Ivan Andreevich Krylov has a long way of life. He was born in a poor family. His father served thirty years to get the nobility and pass it to the children. Ivan Andreyevich did not see any tutors or schools. The first knowledge he received from his father, and then years of life Ivan Ivanovich Krylov - for children an example of constant self-education. He read a lot and became one of the most versatile personalities of his time. He independently learned in his childhood the Italian language, and in adulthood - German. He also knew French, because it was the accepted conversational language of the society of that time. Krylov wrote every year better and better, raising to himself exacting. Ivan Andreevich lived during the reign of the three emperors who treated him with disbelief and respect. His services to Russian literature are unusually high - not without reason a line from his fables is known to every educated Russian person. The last thirty years of his life, he served in the Public Library, while doing literary work. His funeral in 1844 was solemn. The second important person in the state - Count Orlov - was carrying his coffin. IA Krylov was buried in Petersburg.