Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic: territory, flag, emblem, history

BSSR is the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the 16 republics that were part of the USSR. After the collapse of the USSR, the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic of the BSSR became Belarus. The capital was the city of Minsk, which was one of the largest and densely populated cities of the Soviet Union. In addition, the BSSR should identify 6 regions, 117 districts in the countryside, 98 cities, as well as 111 urban-type settlements.

For a long time the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic existed. The flag was represented by various variants in its entire history. These options are presented in the article.

It is interesting that when the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic existed, the arms did not change much.

History of Education

Between the states such as Poland, the Lithuanian SSR, the Latvian SSR, the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, after the revolution the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was established. The territory of it was about 207 600 km ² . Initially, the BSSR belonged to the RSFSR and only two years later became an independent republic. Immediately after the separation of the BSSR, it merged with the Lithuanian Soviet Republic and the Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic was formed, or, as it was still called, the SSR LitBel, however, only for a year and a half. The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic of 1919 was in fact part of a larger republic. The Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic consisted of two. The Moscow-Lithuanian Treaty, which was signed on July 12, 1920, was an omen of the disintegration of the SSR LitBel. And already on July 31, the Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic completely disintegrated. Thus, the BSSR was established in 1919, then entered a larger association, after, from 1920 to 1991, existed in the former status and became an independent state.

Economic Characteristics

In 1980, 4.3 billion rubles were invested in the BSSR for the development of industry, economy and infrastructure. The most developed industries of this state can be called the chemical, petrochemical and food industries. Rapid economic growth (from 1940 to 1980) was carried out due to the abundant investment and labor of the Belarusian people. People who lived in the republic after the war rebuilt the city, many of which, one might say, were built anew, established production and extraction of minerals. In whole 29 times the volume of production has increased in just 40 years. The fuel of the BSSR, and also the Republic of Belarus, was provided and provided with the help of its abundant reserves of natural gas, oil, coal and peat. Rich mineral deposits have also been developed and equipped with the help of the USSR investments. The length of railways in the BSSR for 1982 was as much as 5513 km, and roads for motor transport - 36,700 km.

Population

BSSR was one of the most densely populated parts of the Soviet Union, in 1984 the population density was 47.6 people per 1 km ² . Uniform settlement of the republic is conditioned by relatively equal natural conditions throughout its territory. However, the center of the country was the most populated, which can be explained by the location of large cities, including Minsk. Between 1950 and 1970, the urban population grew faster than the average for the USSR.

Nature of the BSSR

The Republic is located on the East European Plain, occupying the basin of the middle Dnieper, as well as the western Dvina and the Neman in its upper reaches. The plain type of surface predominates. However, the terrain is characterized by the alternation of hills and lowlands, which are heavily swamped in places, in addition, there were a large number of lakes on the territory of the BSSR. The quadruple glaciation determines this feature of the relief. On the north-western part of the state there is a whole system of finely moraine ridges. In the north-east are the hills.

Relief

In the direction from west to east in the former BSSR, the Belorussian ridge stretches, which consists of separate parts, elevations formed in the Moscow glaciation. Parallel to it are the glacial plains. Belorussian Polesie, located in the south of the state, is called a special case of the plain. Hills and ridges also protrude in the south, next to the Belarusian Polesye.

Climate

BSSR was in the temperate zone, from which it follows that the climate is temperate-continental. The temperature of January is about -4 ° C, however, due to the relatively large length from north to south, this value can vary. The average July temperature is about 17 ° C, but for the same reason, the value can not be accurate for absolutely all areas of the country. The climate is continental, which means that precipitation falls a little - 550-700 mm.

Rivers

In BSSR there was a large number of rivers, both small and large in length. The total length is considered to be 90,600 km. All of them belong to the basin of the Atlantic Ocean, namely to the Black and Baltic Seas. Some rivers are used for transportation. The BSSR was very rich in forests, which occupied 1/3 of the entire territory, the vegetation of the marshes and bushes were located on 1/10 of the territory.

The territory of the BSSR was not on the edge of the Eastern European slab, and hence, seismic activity could not be strong, the most powerful earthquakes did not reach 5 points.

Minerals of the BSSR

The most important minerals, which are still on the territory of Belarus in large numbers, can be called gas, oil, coal and various salts.

The area of the northern part of the Pripyat Trough is very rich in oil and gas. A distinctive feature of oil deposits is the massiveness and location of their layers. Natural gas is not represented in large volumes, and therefore is extracted in passing.

Brown coal and shale

Also in the territory of the BSSR were found huge reserves of brown coal. Peat is represented by 39 species. It is one of the main types of fuel in Belarus. As many as 7,000 coal deposits, the total area of which is about 2.5 million hectares, simply can not be used. The total amount of peat is 1.1 billion tons, this is truly a rich supply.

In addition, in the BSSR began to mine oil shales, which are located, according to geologists, at a depth of up to 600 m. Huge shale reserves are as actively used as fuel.

Salt

Potassium and rock salts are mining chemical raw materials. The thickness of the layers is 1-40 m. They lie beneath carbonate-argillaceous rocks. Stocks of potash salts amount to about 7.8 billion tons. They are extracted in various deposits, for example, in Starobinsky and Petrikovsky. Rock salts are represented by 20 ml of tons, they lie at a depth of 750 meters. They are extracted at such deposits as Davydovskoe and Mozyrskoye. In addition, the BSSR was rich in phosphorites.

Building Breeds

The territory of Belarus also has rich reserves of building and facing stone, chalky rocks, clays and building sands. Stocks of building stone - about 457 million m ³ , facing - about 4.6 million m ³ . The southern regions of Belorussia are the most rich in construction stones. The dolomites, on the contrary, come to the surface in the north. Their reserves are about 437.8 million tons. The BSSR was also rich in chalky rocks, whose reserves currently amount to about 3679 million tons. Clays of various species are represented in Belarus with reserves of 587 million cu m, they are located mostly in the Minsk, Grodno , Gomel and Vitebsk regions.

Mineral resources development

On the territory of the BSSR, as already mentioned, mineral resources were actively mined. Their development began 30,000 years ago, in the era of the late Paleolithic. At that time, people who lived in this area, extracted flint from the surface of the earth. About 4,500 thousand years ago the flint mining was already developed. A large number of mines have been discovered, which were used in the Cretaceous periods. Their depth is no more than 6 meters, however, given the time of their occurrence, it can be considered that the mining of flint was very developed among the inhabitants of these areas. Also, there were entire complexes of mines connected by transitions, usually up to 5.

Production development

In the mines, ancient needles were found, which were intended for sewing sacks necessary for transporting the mined mineral. The material was processed near the exit. Flint served to make axes. Already in the fifth century BC. The development of metal deposits began, of which people living on the territory of Belarus, created objects for everyday life and weapons. In addition, the clay made dishes for various needs. Since the 16th century glass factories began to appear, and in the 18th the first manufactories in this area arose.

Extraction of peat

The extraction of peat in the BSSR has become an independent branch of industry. The volumes were constantly increasing due to increased use. Peat enterprises appeared, which strengthened the industry. But during the Second World War almost all of them were destroyed. Only by 1949 the volume of extracted peat reached its former values.

Extraction of salts

As already mentioned, potassium and rock salts on the territory of Belarus are in large numbers. But only in 1961 began their active mining. The underground method of mining deposits was used. The richest of them is Starobinsky. Mechanization of most of the production resulted in an increase in the volume of salts by 60% in 1965 and by 98% in 1980.

Protection of the Earth

In the BSSR, minerals were extracted actively, it is not difficult to guess that this greatly influenced the environment. Huge territories were badly affected. Therefore, recreational activities aimed at enriching the subsoil and restoring resources, for example soil fertilization and planting of trees, began to be carried out.

Education of specialists in the industrial sector

The Belarusian Polytechnic Institute, which was established in the BSSR, is preparing personnel for work in the mining industry. It was founded in 1933 in Minsk. Already in 1969 there were as many as 12 faculties. There are also other educational institutions. Technical schools are still providing education in the development of peat deposits, underground processing of ores and nonmetallic minerals and other industries.

Arena of confrontation

In 1920, the BSSR, one might say, was the center of opposition between bourgeois Europe and the USSR. The latter wanted to retain power in Poland, the interests of the Soviet Union were represented by a delegation from the RSFSR. The decision was not made in favor of the BSSR. The resolution did not give an opportunity to expand Belarus at the expense of Poland.

The Socialists of the BSSR were dissatisfied with the location of the borders with their neighbors, namely with the RSFSR and Poland. They believed that it is impossible to establish boundaries on the basis of ethnography. Unity on the problems of the territory was not.

The Great Patriotic War

During the Second World War the BSSR and the Ukrainian SSR suffered worse than other parts of the Soviet Union. In BSSR, more than 2 million people were killed, and about 380 thousand people were taken out of the country. The population that lived before the war was reached only by 1971. Hitler's invaders destroyed 209 cities and district centers, many of which had to be rebuilt, only 2.8 million square meters of housing stock survived from almost 10.8.

Finding independence and interesting facts

In 1990, the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the BSSR was signed, which meant its rapid separation. On September 19, 1991 it officially became the Republic of Belarus. In the same year, an agreement was created and signed on the creation of the CIS. The union included the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Belarus. An interesting fact in the history of this state is that for the whole 46 years this republic, like the Ukrainian SSR, was one of the members of the United Nations (United Nations), although it remained a dependent state - the BSSR. In the 1920s and 1930s, the development of constitutionalism took place in the republic.