"Baltiets" (pistol): characteristics and design features

During the winter of 1941-1942, Baltic Fleet servicemen identified shortcomings in the design of the TT pistol: at low temperatures, the parts of the weapon were frozen. This was the impetus for the creation of such a new model, as the pistol "Baltiets", developed specifically for the officers of the fleet.

What is known about this weapon?

"Baltiets" - a pistol, information about which does not contain any weapons directory. The works of American and European researchers do not contain information about this model. In Moscow, Tula, Izhevsk - cities in which the largest museums are located, copies of these weapons were also not found. Unknown pistol of the Great Patriotic War "Baltiets" was found in the Central Naval Museum, in the funds of which there are three copies of weapons. Each of them has its own serial number: № № 1, 2, 5.

How was the "Baltic" pistol (USSR, Leningrad) created?

In 1941, the Rear Admiral of the Baltic Fleet appealed to higher authorities with a request to create a pistol with more reliable automation than the TT pistol.

The VKP (b) after the Bureau meeting decided to start the design work on the model, the automation of which would not freeze in a 30-degree frost. The first batch of the pistol "Baltiets" consisted of 15 pieces. Responsible for trial copies was appointed director of Leningrad Plant No. 181 BP. Rumyantsev. Chief designer Egorov and factory technologist FA Bogdanov in January 1942 was given the first result - sketches for the model "Baltiets". The pistol was approved by the chief of the weapons workshop AI Balashov and accepted into development. A limited number of persons were admitted to the process of creating these weapons.

Start

"Baltiets is a pistol", based on the model Walter PP (German-made weapons). Created by Balashov AI, the pistol was designed for TT cartridges with a caliber of 7.82 mm. The first 15 copies were made by hand. Masters handicraft method carried out an outburst. In the manufacture of parts of the pistol was not provided with a tooling.

The main sample

In early spring of 1942, the employees of the Machine-Building and Instrument-Making Plant "Engine" designed the first "Baltiets". The pistol is listed at number 1. Manufactured this weapon is very high quality. It was tested at temperatures below 30 degrees. "Baltiets" is characterized by a clear system operation, reliability and trouble-free operation. At the same time, high power and accuracy of hits were noted.

The decoration of "Baltiets" № 1

On the ebonite cheek handle of the pistol engraved circle with the anchor inside. Under it are: a five-pointed star, a sickle, a hammer and the inscription "Plant No. 181". On one side of the pistol there is an inscription "P. A. Baltiets, "but with the opposite:" Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), Member of the Military Council of the Lenfront, t. A. A. Zhdanov. "

On the right side of the shutter casing, the craftsmen are engraved, on which are depicted two anchors. In the rectangle located in the crosshair, there are figures "181", denoting the plant on which the pistol "Baltiets" was assembled. The photo below represents the aesthetic design of this weapon model.

Tactical and technical characteristics

• The weapon is designed for ammunition of 7.62 mm caliber.
• Number of rifling - 4.
• The trunk has a length of 129 mm.
• The mass of weapons without ammunition is 1100 g.
• The capacity of the pistol shop is 8 cartridges.

Creation of "Baltiets" №2

The first sample of the pistol had a design flaw: it had a high mass. As a result of the additional work carried out with the main model of this weapon, the second Baltiets was assembled. The pistol, the design features of which differed from the basic version, also had less weight. Its mass did not exceed 960 g. In the design of model No. 2, the trunk was shortened from 129 mm to 120 mm. The fighting spring contained not 17, but 15 turns.

The carried out testing of these weapons showed that according to its combat parameters, the Baltiets No. 2 was not inferior to the main first model. As a result, it was decided to make the following batches, using as a sample the second "Baltiets" (pistol).

Design Features

The second copy is a frame with a barrel, a bolt and a trigger mechanism (USM) fixed in it. There are four cuts for the "Baltiţa" trunk №2. A shut-off fuse is used as a shutter. These pistols are equipped with combat and return springs. For this gun is provided a wooden case with a cloth covered with an internal hollow and a brass plate on the cover, on which there is an inscription: "Admiral Kuznetsov Nikolai Gerasimovich."

How is the weapon arranged?

In the series of pistols "Baltiets" uses a recoil scheme with a free shutter. This becomes possible due to the location on the fixed stem fixed on the frame of the return spring. USM refers to the trigger type and is designed for a double action.

Combat food is provided from pistol box-shaped shops, in which cartridges are placed in one row. Snapping the magazine in the gun is done using a special button on the left at the top of the handle. The aiming function is performed by such devices as a fly and a bar. The fly is part of the shutter - casing. The target is fixed in the groove "swallowtail", which makes it possible to make lateral corrections if necessary.

Advantages of "Baltiets"

Advantages of this pistol are:

• The automation has a simple design.
• The pistol is characterized by reliability in operation.
• Production of "Baltiets", in comparison with TT, is less expensive and labor-intensive.
• The presence of a convenient handle increases the accuracy of hits during the shooting.
• The double-action trigger and trigger mechanism enables the owner to use weapons that are always ready for use at any time.
• The presence of a fuse makes wearing this gun safe, even with a triggered trigger and ammunition in the chamber, which is unacceptable in the TT gun.

disadvantages

In contrast to the Tokarev pistol, which weighs 110 grams, "Baltiets" has excess weight and dimensions. This circumstance is the main drawback of this weapon. The more weight is explained by the fact that the cartridge of the caliber of 7.62 mm used in the "Baltiets" was originally intended for pistols with a short stroke of the barrel. For weapons, the automatic of which contains a free shutter, the caliber of 7.62 mm is too powerful. For the shooting of such ammunition, the developers of the Leningrad plant No. 181 in "Baltiets" heaved the shutter casing. As this pistol was created for the command personnel, the presence of excess mass and dimensions proved to be a major drawback.

Spring-compression training weapon

In 1974, the chief designer of the Central Design Bureau (Central Design and Technology Bureau) Viktor Khristich began to develop a wind version of the model of the Baltiets weapon. Pistol pneumatic was ready in 1977. After the testing in Klimovsk, the wind model was named "Baltiets" №77.

When creating a wind version of "Baltiets" intended for mass training, the employees of the plant took into account the convenience, simplicity, reliability and safety in operation. Particular attention was paid to the ergonomic characteristics of adolescents.

Model 77 device

In the manufacture of handles, barrels, trigger hooks and pillars, impact-resistant glass-filled plastic was used. The process of manufacturing the parts was carried out using the injection molding method. The springs passed progressive thermo-chemical treatment (springs from exhaust chutes). The trunk is taken from the IZH-22.

In this wind weapon, the principle was applied to all spring-compression pneumatic pistols: air was pushed out by means of a piston, which, in turn, was affected by a compressible-decompressible spring.

The design of "Baltiets" 77 differed from other wind pistols in that it had a "reverse circuit", which consisted in the fact that during the shot the bullet and the piston moved in reverse directions. As a result, using a piston 2 cm in diameter with a short stroke (6 cm), the bullet emitted from the barrel acquired a velocity of up to 130 m / sec.

Conclusion

Two gift models "Baltiyets" No. 77 were collected, one of which was intended for Leonid Brezhnev.

Work on the creation of military pistols "Baltiets", begun in 1942, was soon discontinued. The planned production of fifteen units did not take place. When recounting parts, it was revealed that they are enough to assemble only fourteen pistols. The application of repressive measures to the employees of the plant did not change the situation: only fourteen specimens were collected, and mass production was canceled. One "Baltiets" received as a gift Deputy People's Commissar of Armament N. Samarin. Models of weapons with serial numbers 1, 2 and 5 belonged to Vice Admiral NK Smirnov. Today they are deposited by the Central Naval Museum. The fate of the remaining eleven units is unknown.

The pistol "Baltiets" and remained an experienced weapon, which went to high ranks from a narrow circle of command.