Architecture of the Renaissance

At the turn of the 15th-16th centuries a completely new architectural system arose in Europe - the Renaissance style. In another way, as is known, this period is the Renaissance. The architecture of this time changed and improved as a result of the merging and mutual influence of local traditions and new trends that came from outside. Renaissance is a time of incredibly significant changes not only in art, but also in the economic and social spheres of almost all European countries. This was largely due to a shift in emphasis in the field of trade routes, the formation of new industrial and commercial centers due to the discovery of the American continent, the strengthening of the influence of the Turks in the Balkans, radical changes in culture and ideology.

During the Renaissance, knowledge of the world was greatly expanded and deepened, and the role of man in the world and society began to be given great attention. The ideal person now is an educated, physically strong strong-willed personality who, if necessary, is able to confidently assert his rights, change and improve the world. A new class arose and began to strengthen-the bourgeoisie, which is trying to create and implement its ideology. Absolutely new directions are developing in science, art, literature, philosophy and, of course, in architecture. In all these spheres, people are repelled from the ancient heritage, which explains the wave of interest in ancient art and architecture.

Without using the medieval perfection of artistic and construction techniques, Renaissance architecture and the associated development and improvement of the arts were unlikely to be possible. It should be noted that at the beginning of the 15th century the influence of Byzantine architecture and town planning was still very strong, which also contributed to the architecture of the Renaissance. Undoubtedly, Renaissance architecture meant a fundamentally new, completely separate stage in the development of the world architecture. Noticeable was the increase in the scale of secular and civil construction, churches and churches also began to look different. The desire of architects who worked in the 15th and 16th centuries to direct construction to the path of ancient forms and methods was expressed in the reproduction of decorative elements and order means.

Architecture in the Renaissance was characterized by an accurate, academically correct combination and construction of details and proportions, as it was in the ancient era. In the early Renaissance decorative ornaments and ornamental decoration played a very significant role, however, in the middle and late Renaissance the role of these elements was reduced.

The architecture of the Renaissance did not develop evenly in all countries, even in Italy - in the north and south of the country there were significant differences. Namely - in Venice and throughout the Northern part of the country the role of decorative techniques was much greater.

Each country in Europe had its own characteristics and features of construction. However, it is possible to trace some common signs. For example, this is the rejection of the framework stone structure of the Gothic structure and the preference for a new constructive system - simple, quite flexible, economical and even facilitating the work of the architect. These are structures with arches and walls made of bricks (cross, box, sailing, closed, dome and spherical) with partial use of wooden elements in beam structures of floor slabs, rafters of inclined roofs. For facing brick used plaster, marble, stone. This cladding had a decorative-plastic meaning. And the ways of decorating and decorating ornaments from the very beginning were common for almost all countries.

The architecture of the Renaissance implies not only the creation of a beautiful and functional structure, but also the importance of the author-artist-artist, who has a unique personality. In world history, Renaissance architecture is forever inscribed with the names of great masters - Bramante, Alberti, Brunellesco, Brahmont, Delorme, Michelangelo, Herrera, Jones.