Antibiotics for sinusitis in adults: names and reviews

Sinusitis often develops as a complication of the common cold, viral or bacterial infection. For the treatment of an ailment, conservative therapy is usually used. Antibiotics for sinusitis in adults are shown only if the pathology is of bacterial origin. You can determine this by the characteristic symptoms.

Description of the disease

A sinusitis is a pathological process in which the mucous membrane of the paranasal (paranasal) sinuses becomes inflamed. The latter perform a number of important functions - warm the air, inhaled through the nose, participate in the pronunciation of sounds, reduce the mass of cranial bones. Maxillary (maxillary), frontal (frontal) and latticed - three paired sinuses. The sphenoid, located in the body of the main bone of the skull, is unpaired. Depending on the localization of the inflammatory process, the following forms of the disease are distinguished: frontal, sinusitis, sphenoiditis, etmoiditis.

Provoke the development of sinusitis can both pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses), and allergens. Most often, the disease develops against a background of a viral infection, to which, if improperly treated, the bacterial infection also joins. When the outflow of the mucous secretion from the sinuses is broken, conditions for the propagation of pathogens are created. To cope with their activity will help antibiotics. With sinusitis in adults (and in children too) it is important to begin treatment in time.

Symptoms

The intensity of symptoms of sinusitis depends on the form in which inflammation occurs. An acute inflammatory process is characterized by a pressing pain in the sinus area. Unpleasant sensations focus on the forehead or nose, under the eyes or on either side of the nose, in the upper jaw or teeth. The manifestation of the syndrome usually increases with the inclination of the head.

Another characteristic feature is the discharge from the nose. If they have a yellowish-green hue, they talk about the development of a bacterial infection. In this case, you will need to take antibiotics.

With sinusitis and sinusitis in adults, the sense of smell and breathing through the nose deteriorates, and there are severe headaches. There are signs of intoxication of the body - the temperature rises, weakness and malaise, and disability. Having discovered such symptoms, you should immediately contact a specialist.

Treatment of sinusitis in adults

Antibiotics are almost always used to treat the inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses. They are usually prescribed in the acute phase of the pathology path, when the patient's body temperature rises and a purulent secret is secreted from the nose. Such a state can quickly move into a chronic stage, which practically does not lend itself to medical treatment and worsens with every cold. To avoid this, it is important to start antibacterial therapy.

The treatment of sinusitis is aimed at the complete destruction of the causative agent of pathology, relief of symptoms and prevention of complications. In addition to antibiotics, the therapy should include drugs with analgesic and antipyretic effect, vasoconstrictive drops (sprays) for the nose.

Whether to use antibiotics?

Only a doctor can prescribe "correct" antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis in adults. Preliminary it is necessary to conduct a laboratory study to determine the type of pathogen of the inflammatory process. After diagnosis, the optimal means for suppressing the life of microbes are selected.

The duration of treatment will depend on the form of pathology. In acute sinusitis treatment should last at least 10 days. Chronic form requires a longer drug exposure.

To combat various types of sinusitis, several types of antibiotics are used:

• Penicillins - antibacterial agents of this category have selective therapeutic activity and do not affect the whole organism.
• Macrolides - are considered the safest of all antibacterial agents and have a wide range of effects.
• Cephalosporins - by the mechanism and the spectrum of action are similar to penicillins. With sinusitis, first-line and second-generation drugs are used.
• Tetracyclines - are similar to macrolides, but often cause side effects and have a number of contraindications.
• Aminoglycosides - have a wide range of therapeutic effects and efficacy, but they have high toxicity.

Prescribe antibiotics for sinusitis in adults, depending on the stage and form of the disease. Macrolides and cephalosporins help cope with the mild form of the inflammatory process. If the ailment proceeds with complications and threatens to change into a chronic form, doctors recommend taking protected penicillins. In some cases, admission of local antibacterial drugs.

Effective antibiotics for sinusitis in adults

The names of some drugs have long been known in medical practice. For example, "Amoxicillin" refers to protected penicillins and is often used to treat diseases of ENT organs of bacterial etiology. An essential advantage of the drug is its safety and the minimum number of side effects.

Another drug from the penicillin group - "Amoxiclav" - also belongs to the protected category. The drug shows resistance to the enzyme beta-lactamase, which is found in many bacteria and significantly reduces the therapeutic effect of antibiotics.

With sinusitis, the following drugs can be prescribed:

• "Cephalexin."
• "Azithromycin".
• "Augmentin".
• "Cefazolin."
• «Flemoklav Solutab».
• "Sumamed".
• "Ceftriaxone."
• Clarithromycin.

Many drugs can eliminate the symptoms of inflammation in the paranasal sinuses. To understand what antibiotics to take when sinusitis in adults, you need to see a doctor. The dosage of the drug and the regimen of therapy are determined on an individual basis.

An effective local preparation is Bioparox. Spray for the nasal cavity has a bacteriostatic effect and is often used to treat sinusitis. Another tool from this group is Polidex. The medicine contains two antibacterial substances. Apply local antibiotics in purulent sinusitis in adults, not only to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, but also to facilitate nasal breathing, removing the edema of the mucosa.

"Amoxiclav" with sinusitis

Treatment of bacterial sinusitis should be complex. The basis of therapy is usually made up of antibacterial drugs. The advantage is given to the safest and most effective means. To such preparations it is possible to carry «Amoksiklav» - synthetic penicillin of a wide spectrum of action. The main components are amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The drug is released as a lyophilizate for the preparation of injection solution, suspension and tablets.

The drug is able to suppress the development of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, anaerobic and aerobic bacteria-causative agents of sinusitis. In this case, "Amoxiclav" does not have such a destructive effect on the intestinal microflora, as other antibacterial drugs. It is worth considering that long-term use of penicillins (antibiotics) for sinusitis in adults is highly discouraged because the bacteria get used to the drug and lose sensitivity to it.

Dosage

More often for treatment of a genyantritis and other sinusitis patients are prescribed a drug "Amoxiclav" in the form of tablets. The manufacturer produces them at a dosage of 250, 500 and 850 mg. Dispersed tablets (500 and 850 mg amoxicillin) are also produced. Clavulanic acid contains 125 mg in each form of tablets.

When treating the drug should take into account the maximum daily dose of each substance. Amoxicillin adults can take no more than 6 grams, and clavulanic acid - up to 600 mg. Depending on the severity of the sinusitis, the patient may be prescribed 250 or 500 mg of the drug three times a day. Another acceptable scheme of therapy is 825 mg of amoxicillin every 12 hours. Duration of treatment is 5-14 days.

The drug "Cephalexin"

Sinusitis of mild and moderate severity is amenable to treatment with antibiotics from the group of cephalosporins of the first and second generation. One of the effective tools in this category is "Cephalexin." The drug is active against many pathogenic microorganisms: klebsiel, esherekhy, streptococcus, protea. The antibiotic is released in the form of tablets and granules for the preparation of a suspension.

The drug is strong enough and therefore often causes side effects. When urticaria, abdominal pain, nausea, dryness in the mouth, dizziness, headache, seizures, it is necessary to refuse further treatment of "Cephalexin" and choose a more gentle medicine.

Is "Azithromycin" suitable?

Macrolides have a rather broad spectrum of antimicrobial action and are well tolerated by the body. Often used these antibiotics in otitis and sinusitis in adults and children. Macrolides show activity for pyogenic staphylococcus and hemophilic rod. One of the drugs in this category is Azithromycin. It can be used to treat sinusitis, frontal sinusitis and other inflammatory processes in the paranasal sinuses.

It has a low toxicity and bacteriostatic effect. Take the pill or suspension only once a day before meals or 2 hours after a meal. With sinusitis, the daily dose of "Azithromycin" is 500 mg. Duration of treatment is usually 3 days, but in some cases, therapy may be prolonged.

Side effects and contraindications

It is necessary to take antibiotics with sinusitis with extreme caution. In adult patients there may be some contraindications to treatment, which must be read. "Azithromycin", according to the instructions, is not prescribed with hypersensitivity to this category of antibiotics, liver and kidney diseases.

Side effects on the part of the digestive tract (dyspepsia, nausea, diarrhea) and the immune system (urticaria, rash on the body) medication is extremely rare.