"Antey", submarine: technical specifications

Confronting the American carrier groups was the main task of the Soviet Navy immediately after the end of the Great Patriotic War. It was for this purpose that the "killers" of aircraft carriers began to be created - Soviet highly specialized submarines of the project "Antey 949A".

Start of creation

In the 1960s, Soviet designers worked on two interrelated projects. Employees of OKB-52 were engaged in a new missile anti-ship complex, designed to destroy enemy ship formations, and the workers of the Central Design Bureau "Rubin" designed an underwater third-generation missile carrier. It was later planned to be used as a carrier for a new missile system. The military needed both a powerful and very effective means capable of destroying enemy ship groups, as well as in a submarine with high levels of stealth and depth of immersion. In the future, after upgrading a number of submarines, these qualities will be united in submarines of the class "Antey".

The project "Granite 949"

In 1969, the Navy put before Soviet designers the task of creating a new submarine. The missile transported by it must meet the following requirements:

• It should have a high speed: at least 2500 km / h.
• The range is 500 km.
• Designed for starting both from underwater and from above-water positions. It was planned to use them on submarines and surface ships.

Since in most cases the enemy's echeloned air defense breaks through a "flock" of two dozen missiles, the Soviet military were interested in the shooting capabilities of the volley. According to the developers, to achieve the effectiveness of anti-ship missiles, in addition to high speed and large mass of combat units, it is necessary to equip them with reliable systems that provide target designation and reconnaissance.

System "Success"

With the help of this world's first Soviet space system, surface objects were identified and monitored. "Success" had the following advantages:

• Absolute independence from weather conditions.
• The collection was carried out over a huge area.
• Inaccessibility to the enemy.

Target designations came to the bearers of weapons and to the command posts. Manufacture of nuclear submarines was carried out by workers of the Northern Machine Building Enterprise. In 1980, according to the project 949, the first nuclear submarine "Arkhangelsk" was ready, and in 1983 - "Murmansk".

Atomic submarines Antey, Project 949A

After the successful completion of the Granit project, the design work was carried out according to a more refined design. In the documentation it is listed as 949 A "Antey". The submarine, due to upgraded equipment and an additional compartment, had improved internal layout, increased length and displacement. In addition, the developers managed to increase the stealth test of this submarine.

At the very beginning, it was planned to produce twenty submarines of the Anthey project. Submarine K-148 "Krasnodar" is considered to be the very first submarine of this class. It was launched in 1986. Soon after this submarine K-173 "Krasnoyarsk" was ready. At the moment, these submarines are in a state of disposal. Despite the planned production of twenty submarines by the Soviet leadership, only eleven units were produced under the Antey project. The submarine K-141 "Kursk" of 1994 release was sunk in August 2000.

The submarine in the fleet of Russia

At the moment, the following nuclear submarines of the Antey class are in service with the Russian Navy:

• K-119 Voronezh (the Northern Fleet).
• K-132 Irkutsk (the Pacific Fleet).
• K-410 "Smolensk" (Northern Fleet).
• K-456 "Tver" (Pacific Ocean).
• K-442 Chelyabinsk (Pacific Fleet).
• K-266 "Eagle" (at the moment is in a state of repair).

• K-186 "Omsk" (Pacific Ocean).
• K-150 Tomsk. (Pacific Fleet).

Another submarine K-135 "Volgograd", created under project 949 "Antey", is currently under conservation. A K-139 "Belgorod" will be completed already on the project 09852.

Device NPS 949

Submarines of the type "Antey" have a two-body scheme: a light external hydrodynamic body of cylindrical shape surrounds the inner one, which differs from the outer one with high strength. The thickness of its walls exceeds 6 cm. Due to this two-hull architecture, the submarines have the following advantages:

• Submarines are provided with high buoyancy.
• The submarines are protected from underwater explosions.
• Submarines have an increased displacement.

The hull of nuclear submarines consists of the following departments:

• Torpedo.
• Managerial.
• The compartment for combat posts and radio cabinets.
• Living quarters.
• Division for electrical equipment and auxiliary machinery.
• Reactor.
• Department of GTZA.
• A compartment with rowing electric motors.

In the event of an accident, the nuclear submarine is equipped with two zones (the bow and the stern), in which the crew can wait for salvation. The crew consists of 130 people. According to other data, the number does not exceed 112. In autonomous mode, the submarine can stay no more than 120 days.

Description of the power plant

Block nuclear submarine nuclear submarine consists of two nuclear reactors OK-650B and two steam turbines OK-9. Their capacity is 98 thousand liters. from. They work at the expense of propellers using gears. The submarine has two additional diesel generators DG-190 with a capacity of not less than 8 thousand 700 liters. from.

Combat control of the submarine

For the Anthey nuclear submarine there are hydro-acoustic complexes MGC-540 Skat-3 and systems providing space reconnaissance, target designation and combat control of the submarine. Information received by a satellite or an airplane enters the submarine with the help of special antennas. In addition, submarines of the class "Antey" are equipped with a towed antenna "Zubatka".

Its location is the stern stabilizer. Buoy type antenna "Zubatka" is intended for receiving radio messages and signals by a boat staying at a very large depth or under a thick layer of ice.

Navigation in the submarine provides a special complex "Symphony-U". High accuracy, a long range of action and the volume of processed information are characteristic features of this navigation complex.

What are the submarines armed with?

Armament of the Antey type nuclear submarine is represented by two types:

• Anti-ship missiles (PKR) P-700 Granit (24 units). The location of the missile containers was the two sides of the felling behind the wall of the strong hull (the middle part of the submarine). To close them, special covers-fairings are used, which are part of the outer shell. The container is installed at an inclination of 40 degrees. The missiles can be used both conventional (up to 750 kg) and equipped with nuclear warheads. PRCs move at a speed of 2.5 m / s and are designed for distances up to 550 km.
• Mino torpedo tubes (four pieces). Two of them have a caliber of 533 mm, the rest - 650 mm. They are designed for shooting both conventional torpedoes and torpedo missiles. The location of these vehicles was the bow of the nuclear submarine. Due to the system responsible for automatic charging, torpedo weapons have a high rate of fire. In just a few minutes, all the ammunition, consisting of missile torpedoes (12 units) and torpedoes (16 units), can produce an Antey submarine.

Specifications

• The nuclear submarine over water has a displacement of 12,500 cubic meters. M.
• Displacement under water is 22 thousand 500 cubic meters. M.
• Antey class ships above the water can reach speeds of up to 15 knots.
• Underwater, their speed is higher: 32 knots.
• Submarines can be submerged to a maximum depth of 600 m.
• In off-line mode the submarine can be 120 days.

Expediency of serial production of "Anteev"

As many Russian experts note, the Antey-class nuclear submarine is the most preferable means of combating enemy aircraft carriers in its efficiency. In 1980, the cost of manufacturing one submarine did not exceed 227 million rubles (only 10% of the price of the American "Roosevelt"). But the effectiveness of the Soviet nuclear submarine was very high: "Antey" is a danger to the aircraft carrier and the ships accompanying him. In the opinion of other experts, the effectiveness of the Antieves is overstated. This is due to the fact that nuclear submarines are ships with a narrow specialization. In this regard, they can not fully counter multi-purpose aircraft carriers.

Conclusion

Today, the development of the 1980s is considered quite outdated. In this regard, in 2011 it was decided to replace the Granit-700 missile system with more modern Onyx and Caliber missiles.

This will allow Antey to become a universal tool for solving a variety of tasks.