An example of analyzing a poem is how to correctly analyze a poem

Love of poetry is impossible without its understanding. The school literature course is designed to create skills in understanding poetic creativity: to comprehend the meaning of the work, to hear its musical rhythm, to penetrate into the inner world of the lyric hero. This is facilitated by a comprehensive analysis of the poem, an example of which is given in the article.

Selecting a work

The reader is invited to read "The Winter Morning" of Alexander Pushkin. The choice is determined for a number of reasons:

• The genius of the poet allows you to revive the picture of the winter landscape, which is comparable to the artist's canvas or the composer's musical work. And to learn new things always follows on the best examples of works of art.
• Due to the wealth of the author's literary language, it is possible to carry out a full linguistic analysis of the text, which is included in the philological analysis of the poem. The example will help in the future to easily cope with the study of the lyric poetry of the 19th century.
• The poem is studied in the school, which will allow you to prepare in advance for the mastery of a complex material.
• The product is insignificant in volume, which makes it possible to make its analysis deeper.

Analysis Plan

There is no single scheme that should be followed when analyzing a work of art. Everything depends on the tasks facing the researcher, and the source itself, which is a living organism, which does not always fit in a predetermined framework. The proposed analysis of the poem is an example according to a plan specially drawn up for a specific work. Its points can be easily changed in places, use other phrases for headlines, but it is important to preserve the three components: historical and biographical, linguistic (poetic vocabulary, stylistics, phonetics, grammar of the text) and literary (subject, genre, composition, style). A high level of analysis further requires the presentation of a personal relationship to the poem read.

The proposed plan is as follows:

1. The history of the creation of the "Winter Morning", information about the author.
2. Place of work in the poet's work.
3. Genre and theme of the work.
4. The plot and composition.
5. Lyrical hero, the mood of the work.
6. Vocabulary of the poem.
7. Pictorial means.
8. Rhyme, ways of rhyme.
9. Sound organization.
10. Attitude to the read.

History of the "Winter Morning"

This subheading covers the first two points of the plan, concerning information about the author and the place of the work in his work. An example of an analysis of Pushkin's poem should include facts directly related to the work under consideration: the date and place of writing, the dedication, the preceding events, the first publication. What is important to know about the history of the "Winter Morning"?

Thirty-year-old A. S. Pushkin wooed to the secular beauty N. Goncharova, whose initial response was rather vague. In confusion, the poet violates the prohibition of Nicholas I and goes to the Caucasus, where he personally participates in military operations. On his return, he visits the village of Pavlovskoye (Tver Province) on the estate of PI Wolfe, where he spends some time surrounded by good friends, writing a lyrical work on November 3, 1929, which remarkably conveyed his mood. He is in anticipation of the long-awaited meeting with the beautiful bride, whose hands are determined to achieve again. In the following year, the poem was published in the almanac "Tsarskoe Selo", entering the golden fund of landscape lyrics, masterfully conveying the beauty of Russian nature full of fairy magic. The poem has no initiation, but it is written in the form of a dialogue with a young girlfriend, with whom the author wants to share the admiration seen.

Genre and theme of the poem

To determine the genre, you need to know the knowledge of its features, and also understand what place it takes in the author's work. The topic will help answer the question of how to do the analysis of the poem. An example of a specific analysis is following the theme of "Winter Morning", which will be considered in this subhead.

The work appears as a deeply personal and autobiographical impromptu, a monologue addressed to a sleeping beauty. These are signs of a lyrical genre that has a number of directions: love, philosophy, history, landscape and military. In "Winter Morning" romantic style describes the beauty of nature, which allows you to refer the product to the category of landscape lyrics, in which A. S. Pushkin is an unsurpassed master. The relationship between the moods of nature and man, the unexpected change of their contrasting states is the main theme of the poem, which influences the author's choice of artistic means.

The plot and composition

Not all poems have a plot. In "Winter Morning" everything is built on the contemplation of the white decoration of the coming winter, which evokes joyful emotions. From admiring nature and memories, the author proceeds to describe the home environment, which brings warmth and comfort. The sequence of the transition indicates a linear composition written by a four-legged iambic. An example of the analysis of a poem should help to identify the semantic parts and the artistic method that allows them to be harmoniously interconnected.

"Winter morning" is broken by the author into five stanzas of six lines (sextin), each of which draws a separate picture, saturated with expressive details:

• Admiration for a sunny frosty morning and a desire to share it with a sleeping friend.
• Memoirs of yesterday's blizzard.
• Description of the beauty of nature outside the window.
• Representation of the interior of the room.
• Encouraging a wonderful pastime at will.

The main artistic medium and composition technique, which links parts together, is the antithesis (opposition). It is present in the first line: "frost and sun", and then through the contrast of yesterday ("Vechor") and the coming morning ("now") permeates the fabric of the poem.

Lyrical hero, mood

In the poetic work necessarily there is a lyrical hero. In "Winter Morning" - this is the author and that girlfriend (addressee), to which his monologue is directed. The hero refers to the girl with the words: "dear friend," "beautiful," "a charming friend," which shows his attitude toward her. It is a manifestation of tenderness, love and care. Analysis of the lyrical poem, an example of which is considered in the article, provides for the identification of the general mood of the work.

From the first lines there is light and joy in it, although in the second stanza there are memories of the former grief. But this contrast only strengthens the positive attitude, leading him to rapture and the call to share joy with the protagonist.

Vocabulary of the poem

Most of the words are simple and understandable, although the author uses outdated terms and expressions, the meaning of which is set forth in the picture above. Among the linguistic means to which he resorts, a special place is occupied by epithets. In a small work, they meet 18 times, giving it the imagery, thanks to which you can imagine in your mind a magnificent winter landscape, and yesterday's blizzard, and the serene tranquility of the interior of the house. An example of analyzing a poem is impossible without listing all the language tools used by the author. Among them: comparisons, metaphors and personifications.

The hero compares his girlfriend to the "star of the north", and the moon - with a "pale spot". But the most interesting are comparisons in a figurative sense - metaphors. So, the room illuminates the "amber shine", which enhances the impression of the sensation of sunlight. Incarnation is the giving of inanimate things to human properties. In A.S. Pushkin, the blizzard is able to "get angry", and the haze is "worn" in a cloudy sky, which adds bright colors to the work of art.

Pictorial means

Syntactic means used by the author are interesting. The joy at the very beginning of the work conveys exclamations that turn into a more tranquil intonation when it is spoken about the warmth of the home. Certain emotions reflect questions, including rhetorical ones. The poem is dominated by simple sentences and direct speech, giving it lightness and emphasizing the atmosphere of joy.

An example of analysis of the poem, cited in the article, can not cover all graphic means, but one should dwell on those who give the poet's genius lines a special imagery. With the help of alliteration (forcing sizzling and sonorous sounds) and assonance (the repetition of the vowels), the reader seems to hear the crackling of the stove, the trampling of the horse and the creak of the snow. The author uses and replicates of the harsh sounds (anaphora): "and spruce ...", "and the river ...". This enhances the impression of the lyric work.

Rhyme, Rhyme Techniques

The use of the four-legged iamb by the poet gives the poem energy and optimism, for the iamb is one of the most expressive and major sizes. However, in the text there are words ("gorgeous", "impatient"), violating the dimensionality of the rhythm (pyrrhic). The author intentionally uses the technique to delay the attention of the reader and convey a thought revealing the hero's inner state: mild sadness, enthusiasm, desire for a "sweet shore". This example of analysis of the poem from the literature will be incomplete if one does not observe the construction of the rhyme.

The consonance of the endings of the first, second, fourth and fifth lines of each stanza form pairs, and the third and sixth rhyme with each other (encircling rhyme). According to the syllable stress in the last word of the line, rhymes are divided into female and male. In the "Winter Morning" they alternate, but feminine, in which the penultimate syllable turns out to be predominant. This allows you to combine the pauses with the end of the lines, giving the poem the rhythm you want. Only in the fourth stanza can you see the line break and the formation of an additional pause, helping to comprehend the meaning of the entire poem.

Sound organization

The uniqueness of Pushkin's lines is such that many musicians catch the interweaving of tonalities and create amazing music that fits in the mood of the poem. One of the best works is the composition of G. Sviridov, built on contrasts. The already mentioned alliteration and assonance do not dominate in the "Winter Morning", giving way to a combination of sounds of a different emotional color. These sounds are sometimes found in one or two adjacent words: [n], [p] and [n]. An example of analyzing a poem will be incomplete without confirmation of the statement by the text:

• "Amber brine";
• "On the morrow of the day";
• "The transparent forest";
• "Do not have a raplet";
• "Weighty lighter".

The contrast can be traced to the change of phrases from light, gentle sounds [e, n, c, l, m] and minor, dark [x, x, h, w], which AS Pushkin hardly did consciously. His genius is that by some inspiration he used all the acoustic wealth of the Russian language.

Attitude to read

How to write a poem analysis? The example demonstrates the need for knowledge of the theory of versification and the use of educational and cognitive techniques. However, the analysis will always be incomplete if you do not convey the personal perception of the work of art:

• What feelings cause the poet's poetry?
• Does the theme and feelings of the lyric hero find a response?
• What is the significance of these verses?

"Winter morning" is permeated with love for life, optimism and admiration for the beauty of native nature. It carries in itself the philosophy of the unification of man and the world around him, capable of giving everyone spiritual strength and strengthening the desire to live.