Alexander Grigoryevich Kusheliev-Bezborodko: the history of life. Mansion of Kushelov-Bezborodko

Countess's mansion Kushelev-Bezborodko is located on the Sverdlovskaya embankment of St. Petersburg. On the contrary, across the Neva, the Smolny monastery is located . The terrain and the manor house have a rich and interesting history.

History of giving

The name Kushelev-Bezborodko will say something to a rare person in Russia. But the building of the Count's dacha, which is currently located in the city of St. Petersburg and bearing this name, is known to many.

It is known with certainty that this area was inhabited before the construction of the city. On the map of the XVII century, you can see the manor of the commandant of the Swedish fortress Nienschanz. According to legend, from it passed the system of underground passages to the Neva River. Nearby was the Swedish city of Nyen.

After this territory was returned to Russia, and St. Petersburg was built, the estate with the adjacent territories was donated by Peter I to his wife Catherine. In those days, near the estate were Cossack gardens, it was on them were discovered natural springs with mineral water, which, according to Emperor Peter I, treated her, was in no way inferior to the Belgian. Sources brought fame to this place.

The first owner of the estate

After some time, the office, which was in charge of the territories, offered to buy out the manor along with the Cossack gardens. His wish was expressed by the actual secret adviser GN Teplov, who was ill and had to leave for treatment on the water abroad. Acquisition of the site gave him the opportunity to be treated near the house. It is on it in our time is a building known as the Kushelev-Bezborodko Palace in St. Petersburg.

GN Teplov inhabited the nearby village with his peasants, named it and the estate of Polustrovo. This name was given not casually, as the area in the district was marshy, and the word "marshy" in Latin was palustris.

The Privy Councilor began to arrange the estate. For this he invited the famous architect V. Bazhenov. Under his leadership, it was rebuilt in a Gothic style. According to legend, the architect restored the underground communications that went to the Neva. In addition, the ensemble of the house included greenhouses, where grown flowering plants, fruit trees, tobacco and vegetables.

Polustrovo and his new owner

In 1782, G. N. Teplov died, and his son sold Polustrovo to Russian Chancellor AA Bezborodko. He invited the famous architect D. Quarenghi a year later to reconstruct the manor, which in reconstructed form has reached our days and is known as the Kushelev-Bezborodko mansion. But this statement is controversial today, since there is evidence to say that the reconstruction of the estate was probably led by the famous architect Lviv. One thing is certain that the famous fence with lions was made by a Russian architect.

It is known that Quarenghi did not begin to destroy the existing building of the manor, but only reconstructed it, giving it a completely different appearance. The architect took part in the construction of many dacha mansions, but up to now some of them have reached, including this one.

AA Bezborodko was childless, and after he died, the estate was inherited by his niece, the daughter of her brother - Princess KI Lobanova-Rostovskaya, who brought up the nephew of A. G. Kushelev, who later began to wear the double surname Kuleshov-Bezborodko, Combining the names of the father and mother.

What a reconstructed palace looked like

After the reconstruction from the former Gothic species there was no trace left. The mansion was light and elegant. In the center of the building was the main building, from which the semicircular and open galleries disappeared in the sides. During the construction of the manor house, Quarenghi used the reception used in Italy for the construction of country villas with open galleries in which the hay was dried.

In the humid climate of the northern capital for this purpose, it was impossible to use them. Therefore, in the subsequent they were reconstructed and became closed. Around the palace, according to the project of Quarenghi, a garden was laid in a fashionable English style, garden constructions were built.

The decoration was an artificial ruin, in the creation of which original authentic fragments were used. This structure is not preserved, but the main building of the ensemble estate, owned by Alexander Grigoryevich Kushelev-Bezborodko after the death of his grandmother and father, has survived to this day.

The building faced the Neva with its facade. He was adorned with a portico with columns and a pediment with a triangular view. The territory from the side of the Neva was framed by an unusual fence, which consisted of twenty-nine figures of stone lions holding chains in their teeth.

Count A. G. Kushelev-Bezborodko

I got a brilliant education. After taking the exam at Moscow University he received the title of Doctor of Ethical and Political Sciences, joined the service as a Collegian adviser. His father got him a trip abroad, where his duty was to be a chancellor of Russia at a congress in Vienna. The service did not ask him, and he stayed to travel around Europe.

A year later he returned to Russia. Here he was interested in one thing. His grandfather's mother's brother, Chancellor of Russia AA Bezborodko bequeathed a lot of money for the installation of the Gymnasium of the Higher Sciences in Nizhyn. This question was dealt with by IA Bezborodko, the grandfather of the earl, who died without deciding the matter to the end. He decided to finish Alexander Grigoryevich Kushelev-Bezborodko. In 1820 the gymnasium was established. Now it's the Nezhinsky University.

The last owner is Count GA Kushelev-Bezborodko

Grigory Alexandrovich was the heir of the vast fortunes of his ancestors, Kushelevs and Bezborodko. He was educated and capable. But despite the fact that he was brought up by his father in severity and severity, he began to lead a riotous life from the youthful years in the circle of rich young offspring of well-known surnames. This affected his health, by the age of 25 he was hopelessly sick.

The history of Count Kushelev-Bezborodko, the last owner of the estate in Polustrovo, was sad. Having the ability to read literature and being famous philanthropist, philanthropist, he by nature was weak and pliable. Count Kushelev-Bezborodko traveled a lot around Europe, which he would later write in his traveler's notes. He was drawn to a society of writers and journalists, most of whom were, to put it mildly, failed personalities.

In recent years, his way to the highest society light, to which he by birth right belonged, was closed. The Kushelevs' dacha in Polustrovo, according to the memoirs of the Russian writer DV Grigorovich, was a strange sight - not the building itself, but what was going on inside it.

Countless number of little-known people, distant relatives and other Russian and foreign rabble, consisting of insignificant journalists, players, various kinds of spooks, often with wives, children, replacing each other, lived here, ate, drank, used count's crews. The house looked like a caravanserai. Everyone did whatever he liked, taking advantage of the weakness and morbidity of the master. This lasted until his last days.

Patron, philanthropist and writer

GA Kushelev-Bezborodko remained in the memory of history as a philanthropist, philanthropist, publisher, writer. With his participation, the poems of A. N. Maykov were published, he published the first collection of works by the great Russian playwright A. Ostrovsky and others. After London acquaintance with AI Herzen, he made a significant monetary contribution to the fund, created to help young emigrants and called the "General Fund."

Grigory Alexandrovich wrote stories, essays and travel notes, subsequently published in a two-volume collection of works. He was published under the pseudonym Gritsko Grigorenko in various magazines.

Even during his father's life, in 1850, GA Kushelev-Bezborodko lived at his dacha in Polustrovo all summer. He was visited by AK Tolstoy, DV Grigorovich, AV Pisemsky. Literary evenings were held. At his invitation in 1858, A. Dumas visited the dacha, with whom he made friends in Paris.

The last scion of the richest kind, Count Kushelev-Bezborodko Grigory Alexandrovich, died at the age of 38 years. This happened in 1870.

Resort Polustrovo

At the beginning of the XIX century the marshy places of the Kushelev-Bezborodko manor were drained, new mineral water wells were drilled on the site of the springs and a small spa with a hydropathic institution was organized. Under his territory was given part of the estate park. It lasted about fifty years.

In 1868, two years before the death of the last count, a large fire in the resort completely destroyed him and part of the park. To restore it did not. The source of the sources was the company of a mining engineer who organized the extraction, bottling, aerating and selling of mineral water called "The Water of the Polystrovsky Sources".

Further destiny of the manor

The territory of Polustrovo gradually turned into a working suburb of St. Petersburg. The dacha, owned by Kushelev-Bezborodko, was given to the Elizaveta community of sisters of mercy, which was founded by the sister of the empress, Princess Elizaveta Fedorovna. Here, new hospital buildings and the church of the healer Panteleimon were built.

After the revolution, a children's infectious diseases hospital was located in the church, and an anti-tuberculosis dispensary is located in the dacha building . Currently, the construction of a new dispensary building is coming to an end. The building of the estate Kushelev-Bezborodko passed to investors for restoration and use as a cultural and business center.