Accounting for finished products

If the business entity produces goods for further sale, then it is necessary to organize the accounting of finished products for the enterprise. Control should be affected and those products that enter the warehouse organization, as well as those that are released from it to customers.

Ready-made products include semi-finished products and goods that have been completely processed according to current technological conditions and existing standards. All products must be accepted by the warehouse service or buyers.

In order to reliably keep records of finished products, you need to have a number of information.

To them it is possible to carry:

- data on the volumes of manufactured products in warehouses;

- the number of shipped goods to consumers;

- the sale price of finished products;

- the state of settlements between the enterprise and customers.

Accounting for finished products in quantitative terms, which is maintained in the places of its storage, as well as in different types, can be carried out using one of two main methods: with and without the use of cards. The first method involves the compilation of grouping statements. They find reflections of the product in places of their storage and species. The second method of accounting consists of the daily writing of turnover sheets. With their help, records are kept of the output of finished products, its movement and fixation of storage sites. Both the first and the second method involves taking goods into the subreport with the preparation of delivery notes for delivery and acceptance, as well as acts, established forms of specifications, etc.

Accounting for finished products and their sale is carried out in the presence of primary documents, which serve:

- Waybills;

- receipts for transportation by rail;

- delivery invoices;

- Acts for the reception and delivery of work or services.

If the delivery of the goods to the buyer from the supplier is made on the terms of the contract concluded between them, then one of the stipulated obligations is a free place. Prior to this point, all shipping costs for the shipment of finished products are borne by the seller. Proceeding from this, the account of finished goods is made at the formed invoice prices:

- franco-warehouse of the supplier, when the cost of loading and unloading operations, as well as transportation of cargo is charged to the buyer;

- Franco-departure stations, in which the buyer's work is carried out to load goods into the wagons, as well as to transport the goods;

- Franco-wagon-station, when all loading works and railway tariff to the delivery station are paid by the seller, and after - by the buyer;

- ex-warehouse of the buyer, under which all the shipping costs for delivery to the final destination are assumed by the seller.

In order to take into account the availability and movement of goods shipped, an active synthetic account is used in accounting practice, which is called "Goods shipped". It fixes products that were transferred to postal or transport organizations, and shipped with their own funds. This account is also reflected in goods that are transferred for sale to outside organizations under commission contracts, the cost of packaging materials and the amount of penalties or recognized claims for the refusal of buyers to pay for the products received. In accordance with the existing shipping documents, accounting entries are made.

All available amounts for shipped goods fall on the credit of the fortieth account - "Output of products" or forty-first - "Goods". After the buyer paid for the purchase, the synthetic account is closed. The sums on the shipped products pass to the debit part of the account ninety - "Sales".

If the enterprise reflects the proceeds as the payment document is issued and presented to the buyer, then another scheme is used in accounting entries . In the debit part of the account of the sixty-second, which reflects the settlements with customers and buyers, the amounts collected on the credit of the ninety account fall.