A defectologist is who? What is the work of the teacher-defectologist? What for the child of employment with the defectologist?

Children are the flowers of life! It is with their children that the most cherished dreams of every parent are connected. And the first thing that parents should provide for the child is proper growth and development, therefore, if the slightest deviations are revealed, we should immediately seek help from specialists.

Who is a defectologist?

There is a profession that unites medicine and pedagogy. This is a defectology. A specialist in the field of defectology should become a best friend and adviser for special children and their parents.

A defectologist is a teacher specializing in classes with children who lag behind in physical or mental development.

What qualities should a defectologist have?

A defectologist is first and foremost a person who has received an appropriate education. The teacher should be able to diagnose the existing deviations in children and look for ways to compensate them, as well as conduct a certain course of activities aimed at developing a problem child. The age barrier between the child and the specialist should be absent. The latter should be able to enter the confidence of the younger generation and become a friend for the child.

Among the personal qualities that a teacher-defectologist must possess, the following are distinguished:

• High level of intelligence. Is a necessity in mastering the profession of a defectologist. The teacher should be competent and clearly put speech, he must have an excellent memory, be able to properly build and structure classes.

• Intuitive abilities. Intuition is necessary for identifying a technique that is suitable for a particular case.
• Observation and attentiveness. Two of these qualities will help to establish contact with the child, to determine the specifics of his behavior and give a logical explanation.
• Communicative. A specialist should be able to find a common language with children and be sociable with them, always be able to talk a child and provoke a bilateral dialogue.
• Emotional steadfastness and patience. A strong nervous system is the key to the effectiveness and productivity of the defectologist's work with children who have physical or mental disabilities. We must understand that the work of a defectologist is a difficult work.
• Responsiveness. The defectologist is the first person who should come to the aid of the needy, he should not be indifferent to other people's problems.
• Tact. The specialist should show maximum courtesy and caution in communicating with the special children and their parents.

Defectology specialties

The science of defectology includes several main areas:

• Surdopedagogika - teaching children who have both obvious and minor deviations in the work of the hearing aid;
• Oligophrenopedagogics - training of the younger generation with disabilities in mental development;
• Tiflopedagogika - training of children, who have a disrupted visual apparatus;
• Speech therapy is the training of children, the development indications of which are within the limits of the norm, but there are verbal violations revealed in pronunciation.

Profession of the defectologist: goals and objectives

The goals of the defectologist are:

1. To encourage the desire to learn through motivation.
2. To compensate for the shortage of general knowledge, to make up for the development of the speech apparatus, to teach reading, reading, modeling, and playing.

Focusing on the goal, the specialist for working with special children solves the following problems:

• Conducts corrective work on the existing deviations in the development of students.
• Conducts a survey of children in order to identify the structure and degree of expression of inherent defects.
• It unites students with identical psychophysical state into groups.
• Conducts classes (in a group or individually), which are aimed at correcting deviations in the development and restoration of functional features. Classes with problem children are built on the basis of the application of certain techniques and techniques. The choice of a particular methodological program depends on the specifics of the deviations in the students.

• Conducts consultations and talks with the parents of children who are in his rehabilitation.

In addition, the child defectologist must systematically improve his professional qualifications.

Functions of the teacher-defectologist

1. Conducts a detailed examination of the child, on the basis of which he diagnoses his ability to learn. If deviations in development are identified, work is organized to maximize and restore developmental deficiencies.
2. Conducts classes, the purpose of which is the development of the basic mental processes (perception, attention, memory, thought processes, etc.).
3. Develops communication skills of children.
4. Develops the culmination activity for children of a certain age category. So, to compensate for the development of preschool children, a defectologist in a kindergarten focuses on gaming activities, for schoolchildren - on reading, writing, etc.

Work of the defectologist: organizational principles

For the diagnosis of developmental disorders, their correction and recovery, an integrated approach is used, based on the principle of the unity of diagnosis and correction. The work on diagnostics is an integral part of the complex study of the baby by a specialist. The environment during the survey should be supportive, friendly, without outside noise and third parties, dialogue - in a calm tone.

Analysis of developmental disorders is carried out using the etiopathogenetic approach. Each special child is affected by the central nervous system, the nature of such lesions is different, which leads to the occurrence of heterogeneous disorders in mental and physical development. Therefore, studies with a defectologist are differentiated. For each individual student or preschool child, a list of priority areas in the correctional work is drawn up.

When drawing up an activity plan, it is necessary to take into account the age categories and the characteristics of the individual character of children. The task, which the specialist sets before the child, should be very clear to him. If a child needs the help of two or more specialists at the same time, there is an interdisciplinary interaction of doctors and educators.

Behind each problematic little man, the teacher-defectologist performs a dynamic observation, according to the results of which it is possible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of corrective measures on various methodological methods.

In addition, a systematic analysis is made of the state of the formed learning knowledge, the mental and physical development of crumbs.

Myths about the work of the defectologist

• Myth 1 . For unexplained reasons, people have an opinion that the defectologist specializes in working exclusively with children who have significant deviations of mental and physical functions. This is not true. He can help any child with learning difficulties. A defectologist is a broad-profile educator who can correctly choose the method of instruction for a particular child.
• Myth 2 . Classes with a specialist in defectology will last forever. This is far from true, more precisely, it is not quite so. If the teacher works with a schoolboy who has problems with academic achievement and does not have mental and physical disabilities, then such activities are characterized by a clearly defined deadline. It comes when the teacher will help the child fill the gaps in knowledge.

Speech therapist and defectologist: what are the main differences

The main differences between the defectologist and the speech therapist are as follows:

1. The target audience. The defectologist works with special children who have certain deviations in mental and physical development, and the speech therapist - with absolutely developed children who have problems with speech and pronunciation.
2. Purpose of classes. A defectologist at a school or a kindergarten seeks to help a crumb to learn how to express his thoughts, restore gaps in knowledge, apply measures to correct mental development. The speech therapist also works only on the development of the speech apparatus and correction of speech.
3. Limitations in the age category of children. A specialist in defectology can conduct classes with very young children (starting from 1 year), but with hobbies with a speech therapist, it is not necessary to rush to the performance of a toddler of three years of age. In addition, an adult can address a speech therapist.
4. A defectologist is a broad-profile specialist, which can not be boasted by a speech therapist, whose field of activity is much smaller.

Related professions

The profession of a defectologist is close, in its essence, with the profession of a teacher, a psychologist, a doctor, a speech therapist, a kindergarten teacher.

Well-known scientists-defectologists

In a special education, a considerable number of preschool and school children are needed. Numerous studies on this problem have been devoted to the works of outstanding scientists of the Russian Federation. The gold fund of defectologists includes: VM Bekhterev (Russian neurologist, psychiatrist and psychologist, founder of the scientific school), AN Grabov (founder of the sensory culture education system), LV Zankov (domestic psychologist, defectologist and Pedagogue, a student of Vygotsky), MS Pevzner (Russian scientist, psychiatrist, psychologist, defectologist and pedagogue), FA Rau, Zh. I. Shif, EK Gracheva (first Russian Teacher-defectologist), VP Kashchenko (head of the first sanatorium-school for special children), IV Malyarevsky, LS Vygotsky (defectologist-experiment Torus, researcher of defectology), MF Gnezdilov (native oligophrenopedagogist, methodologist), GE Sukhareva (author of the evolutionary-biological concept of mental diseases), GM Dulnev.

Thanks to the above-mentioned figures of science, special education in Russia received not only approval, but also proper development.