ZMZ-513: specifications, photos and reviews

Zavolzhsky Motor Plant began its activity in the first half of the 20th century. As a result of sales in 1950 it became clear that there was practically no demand. The engines did not meet modern requirements for installation on heavy wheeled and caterpillar vehicles. The plant management decided to develop a line of engines for the automotive industry. It was a real breakthrough. After all, it was then that V-shaped cylinders first appeared in the world. Let's consider the basic design features of ZMZ-513, the technical characteristics of the engine, advantages and disadvantages.

General information

After the creation of the V-shaped engine at the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, the orders were thrown down by the river. This is not surprising, because the engines could boast of excellent technical and power characteristics. The 195 horsepower engine was paired with a 3-speed automatic. Thus the power unit could consume both diesel, and petrol fuel that was very convenient.

Thus, we can say that the engines of ZMZ-513 have become people's favorites. This is one of the most popular and popular domestic motors, which even now are installed on various heavy equipment. Let's take a closer look at the 513rd model, which was considered one of the most successful at the time.

Design features of ZMZ-513

For some industries, special requirements are imposed on the patency of the car. It was in this case that the ZMZ-513 model was installed. This motor was put on such cars as GAZ-53, 66, 3307 and others. Consequently, this model was suitable for vehicles with an average load-carrying capacity. It is worth noting that the 513 was not ideal. He had one rather significant drawback, which caused a lot of trouble during the operation. The fact is that in the design was provided single-stage unconfined intake manifold. Such an engineering solution led to the fact that pulsations of the flow formed during the operation of the power unit. This, in turn, negatively affected the quality of the fuel-air mixture.

Technical characteristics of ZMZ-513

The first thing that designers did was to produce a special shaped pan and shield it with electrical equipment. This allowed the motor to be used in difficult operating conditions. Most often, ZMZ-513 was used on military equipment, agricultural machines and small trucks.

As already noted a little bit above, the design of this engine is quite simple, but extremely reliable. This V8, volume of 4.25 liters, at 3 400 rpm produces about 97 kW, which is quite a lot. For those times it was a very powerful unit - 125 liters. from. Of course, modern ICEs have gone far ahead. Now, out of 1.5 volumes, 300 horses and more are squeezed out. The compression ratio is 8.5, which can be called standard, but the oil consumption here is impressive. If you recalculate as a percentage of gasoline, you get about 0.5 units. Despite the fact that this motor was one of the last, which were produced in the Soviet Union, it is still popular today.

Constructional disadvantages of the motor

As mentioned above, this is an extremely reliable power unit that is designed for operation in extreme conditions. But it also has its drawbacks, which are often manifested at the most inopportune moment. For example, if the car is tilted, it will be difficult to start the engine. Have to constantly podgazovyvat. On an even surface there is no such problem. To get into a cold one is still a task. If the starter grasps, and the ICE starts, then after a couple of seconds it stalls. Work at idle in such conditions is extremely unstable. It is not recommended to brake the engine, as this leads to clogs in the exhaust pipe and an increase in fuel consumption.

Very often the cause of this malfunction on the engines ZMZ-511/513 lies in the spider. Its lining lets in air. The recommendation here is only one - for replacement. Usually after this, all problems disappear, and the power unit starts working, like a clock.

Reliability in simplicity

A high degree of reliability can be achieved only in several ways:

• Use good quality components;
• To simplify the design of the motor as much as possible;
• Improve the build quality.

What was in the Soviet Union? The main details were of a sufficiently high quality. But the fit was very bad. Soviet engineers tried to do everything as qualitatively as possible, so that the engine could work it out without any problems.

As the basis for the engine was used a block of aluminum alloy. Since the motor is V-shaped, it has two cylinder heads with a collapse of 90 degrees. Only one camshaft is provided in the design. Immediately between the heads of the designers put the intake manifold. It also installed a carburettor, a filter and some other auxiliary systems. In the rear of the ZMZ there is an oil pump, in the front - a water pump (pump). The generator and pump operate via a V-belt drive from the crankshaft.

Crankshaft and piston

As a basis for the crankshaft, high-strength cast iron was used, which was further alloyed with magnesium. With the advent of other modifications of the motor, the crankshaft necks were made hardened. Connecting rod necks in diameter of 60 mm, and radical - 70 mm. Accordingly, that the design was designed two seals: one in front, the second behind the crankshaft. The first was made of rubber, self-fixing type, the second - from an asbestos cord.

Pistons ZMZ-513 were cast from an aluminum alloy. They are quite simple in their design, they have a flat bottom. The piston diameter is 92 mm, and 5 repair sizes are also provided. Consequently, this motor can be re-energized many times. There are three corresponding grooves on the piston: two under the compression rings, one under the oil-removable ring.

Fuel and lubrication system

The first models of this line of engines installed carburetors K-126, which in the future because of low efficiency were replaced by K-135. Many car owners modernize the engine precisely by installing a more economical fuel delivery system. Carburettors used two-chamber, as for each series of cylinders from a separate chamber fuel was supplied. In the immediate vicinity was located a fine filter.

On the engine block, a one- or two-section oil pump of gear type is installed. Not the most reliable option, but quite productive and maintainable. In motion, the pump was driven from the camshaft, and a suitable oil receiver was used to extract the oil from the pan. As for the filtration of engine lubrication. That for the entire operation of this engine, used a variety of filters. First, a centrifugal filter was installed, then a full-flow filter, and now a replaceable filter element is used, which is extremely convenient and profitable. It is noteworthy that this engine had a very effective system of protection against oil starvation. If the pump stopped, the pin on its drive was cut off, accordingly, the entire ICE stopped and at the same time remained intact.

Reviews of motorists and experts

As for the responses of experienced drivers, many people respond positively about this engine. In particular, note the unpretentiousness of this engine and its fairly high resource with proper operation and proper care. ZMZ-513 was many times forced to use for military equipment. The compression ratio for working on low octane fuel was changed. All this shows the great potential of the Soviet V-shaped figure-eight.

Many drivers note that this motor is not without flaws. But it is extremely maintainable. So, with all the necessary tools, the problem could be solved in the field on the knee. With modern engines, where everything is responsible for electronics, this approach does not work. In general, the 13th among drivers is loved, and many even today use it because of the low maintenance cost.

A little more about the design

Today, very often an injector is installed. ZMZ-513 with such a fuel delivery system becomes more economical and stable. If the carburettor at a high temperature overboard led to the boiling of gasoline and overheating of the fuel system, then the injectors have no such problem.

Since initially the resource was not that big, although for those times more than sufficient, many motorists remade the motor. To do this, parts were taken from the same ZMZ, only a later modification. In terms of costs, such interventions can be assessed as a full-fledged overhaul, but the ICE resource increased by approximately 35%. Therefore, the money was returned quickly enough.

Proper and careful operation

Any engine requires periodic scheduled and major repairs. But if planned technical work should be performed every 20 thousand kilometers, depending on the power unit, then when the time comes the captain, it depends only on the driver. To maximize the life of the motor is recommended:

• Time to change the oil in the system and monitor its level;
• Periodically inspect the cooling system to avoid overheating;
• Try to exploit the 513rd in a sparing mode.

All this will help to prolong the life of the engine a little. Of course, we should not exclude constructive shortcomings and a possible factory marriage. All this is met, but most often the 13th is out of order precisely because of a lack of proper maintenance. Replace the fuel, oil and air filter is actually not so difficult. But at the same time, such a simple action will increase the dynamics and reduce fuel consumption.

Conclusion

Even today very often ZMZ-513 is put on UAZ. After all, it has rather small dimensions and a minimal amount of electronics. The almost complete absence of the latter makes it simple and understandable in maintenance even for a novice motorist. This motor deserves high appreciation among many domestic specialists. It's not for nothing that even today, internal combustion engines are produced that have changed insignificantly. This, to say the least, speaks of great potential. After all, a deliberately failed project will not be developed.

At the same time it is necessary to understand that often the quality of domestic components, and such details as pistons, blocks and other, leaves much to be desired. Therefore, some spare parts are purchased from foreign manufacturers. This further increases the build quality and reliability of the motor. The use of modern automated equipment also plays a big role.

In general, the engine ZMZ-513, the characteristics of which we considered, worthy of attention. If you operate this power unit correctly, do not exceed the permissible loads, observe the scheduled maintenance schedule, it will serve faithfully for a very long time. If there comes the moment when you need a major overhaul, then there's nothing wrong with that. The cost of spare parts in this case is unlikely to exceed 15 thousand rubles.