"Yaroslavets", a boat of Russian production (project 376): characteristics, purpose

Laying of communications under water, search for sunken boats, rescue operations in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, forensic experts - in these areas the help of qualified divers can come in handy. Diving work, carried out on the river and lake expanses of Russia, require not only courage and heroism from divers. It is important to have the necessary equipment and equipment. Work under water can not be conducted without good preparation. Before they start, it is necessary to check the technical serviceability of the vessel, which will transport the divers to the site of operations. As a rule, Yaroslavets, a 376 project boat, is used for underwater works on rivers and reservoirs with a depth of up to forty-five meters. This type of vessel is designed specifically for the needs of the Russian Navy.

History of the ship

The Russian boat Yaroslavets (project 376) appeared in the fifties of the twentieth century. For the needs of the Navy and the national economy, a draft of a tugboat was required, which would be used for diving and customs work. That is why in 1948 the draft of the boat was approved, which received the number 376 and the cipher "North". It was intended to be used by the fleet and certain spheres of the national economy. When designing the vessel, the condition was necessarily put forward: Russian-made boats should have all the necessary characteristics for transporting ships by rail.

In 1953, the Yaroslavl Shipyard, thanks to which the series received its semi-official name, launched the 376 launch boat. The ships were immediately put into production by a large series. And in two years some data of the project were changed, which allowed improving the operational characteristics of the vessel and modernizing its production technology. There was a new "Yaroslavets" - boat project 376U. After the changes introduced, this type of vessels became actively used not only by military, but also by civilian ministries and departments, and also for deliveries abroad. The second enterprise, where the production of boats began, was Sosnovsky Shipyard (Kirov region).

External characteristics

"Yaroslavets" - a boat that is a ship with a single propeller, with a saddle deck, a wheelhouse with a superstructure, with a cap over the engine room and the stern bilge compartment. The ship's hull, as a rule, is made with a solid cross seam. The boat is equipped with six watertight bulkheads, three fuel tanks are installed on the bottom of the vessel.

It does not matter whether a raider, border, customs or passenger boat was designed, the external characteristics of a vessel of any type are as follows: the length of the boat is about twenty-one meters, the width is four. The height of the side is 2.1 meters. The vessel can accommodate up to twelve people. In free travel the speed of the ship can reach ten knots.

Specifications

It is known that the boats of the Russian production of the Yaroslavets series are designed in such a way that their operation allows to reduce the time of transportation of divers or cargo to the destination and to ensure uninterrupted operation in water bodies, rivers or lakes. Raiding boat or towboat is built in such a way that water maneuvers in shallow water are easily performed, as well as in a shallow ice surface. In addition, the transportation of the vessel by rail is provided, so the dimensions of the boat are calculated taking into account the fulfillment of this condition. To perform operations in water bodies, where there is small broken ice, the design of the boat provides ice kingston. The displacement of the boat is 46.9 tons, the average sediment with the load is 1.27 meters, without the load 0.97 meters, the speed of the free turn is 10.5, autonomy is 5 days.

Carrying out repairs

Ship repair can be carried out independently. However, such repairs can be made by the crew of the ship or its owner only in cases where the damage to the boat is insignificant. For example, you need to replace the standard plating to avoid boat leakage.

In other cases, the vessel is transported to the shipyard, where the whole body is painted, the electrician is put in order, the mechanisms of hatches and portholes are checked. The boat is delivered to the place of repair work on the railway transport. Here the masters of the proceedings are undergoing major repairs, after which the ship is returned to the owner.

Hull

As strengthening of the design of the boat, powerful strips are installed, which are used as a basis for the wooden or metal transverse edges of the hull and transverse beams for additional rigidity of the structure. Along the entire hull of the vessel is attached a private beam. The bars are made of metal or wood. Pipes can be bent or semicircular, with a longitudinal rib (characteristic for a metal bar).

Also, shipbuilding uses metal corners, plates and strips to make additional ribs. The frame of the boat is covered with metal sheets, which are soldered to each other by welds with a width of four to ten millimeters. The usual phenomenon for a river ship is the appearance during the independent repair of non-standard sheets. However, this does not affect its continued operation.

The stern and nose of the boat are additionally strengthened by the stems to strengthen the structure and balance the vessel on the water surface. On some models of "Yaroslavets" boats towing arcs are installed, which allow to prevent the destruction of the towing cable with the appropriate maneuvers. Towing arches are installed in the event that the result of shipbuilding becomes a towboat.

Steering wheel

On the boat in the process of construction is installed a balanced steering wheel streamlined shape. It is made, as a rule, hollow, of sheet metal. The mechanism controls the steering wheel feathers, which are involved in the swing maneuvers. This is a kind of paddle for a boat. Project 376 had only one pen of the helm. However, in the process of modernizing the vessel, there was one more. The handle of the helm is a metal sheet with ribs. It is attached to the boat by six bolts on a round or rectangular flange. In this project, the helm of the rudder has no bottom support, which often leads to loss of the pen during the operation of the vessel. On the upper deck for the component part of the steering mechanism installed one or two plugs. This is a kind of screw plugs of holes, into which the tiller is inserted. The component part of the steering mechanism, therefore, will function also in the event that the cables tearing forces to the tiller from the steering wheel and then directly to the steering wheel are torn. If a similar situation occurs, the vessel can be controlled manually.

Chopping

In the process of construction of the boat to its frame overhaul chassis and cap. On the back wall is attached a hook - steel hook attached to the cables and chains. Serves for lifting boats, cargoes and towing other vessels. There is also attached a removable or clamp-ladder leading to the bridge of the engine room. Yaroslavets is characterized by removable access logs, which allow the river towboat to be transported by rail. However, in all modifications of the project 376 boat, the engine room covers are not removable. Only one of the sheets of the kapa will be dismantled. And its characteristics, depending on the modifications, will differ. Project 376 boats use a flat sheet of metal with stiffeners, while the 376U project uses profiled sheets without welded fasteners.

Three doors and a rectangular window are installed on the porthouse on the port side. The middle door is hermetically sealed, then directly leads to the radio room. The first door from the stern leads to the latrine and is splash-proof.

On the right are two doors, a rectangular window and two round portholes. Doors have different designs. Over time, the locks on the doors evolved, the technological characteristics of the door hinges changed.

Portholes and hatchways of the vessel

The model of the Yaroslavets shipyard is a boat that is equipped with six portholes on the port side of the ship. There are only four portholes on the starboard side of the boat. The closest to the stern are sometimes brewed, as they may be too close to the surface of the water. This, as a rule, occurs when the boat is converted, when it is planned to lay a ballast that increases the draft of the river vessel.

The design of the boat provides for the presence of deck hatches leading to the interior of the boat. In the course of modernization of the boat in general, the performance characteristics of hatches and doors were also improved.

Areas of application of the vessel

The Yaroslavets motorboat can serve both military purposes and for some agricultural enterprises that transport products abroad on the river. Yaroslavets, as a rule, is not intended for personal use, but there are many individuals and legal entities that own it.

To date, the vessel is used to a greater extent as a towboat. With its help non-self-propelled and small river vessels are towed. In addition, "Yaroslavets" is used and as a passenger boat. It can hold up to twelve people in the holds.

The vessel is actively used as a raid boat. He delivers the divers to the site of the underwater operation. On board, diving equipment and equipment for underwater works are constantly stored.

In the holds of the vessel it is possible to transport up to fifteen tons of cargo abroad. Also, the crew protects the border of the river open spaces and fights against poaching, therefore "Yaroslavets" is used as a border patrol boat.

Cost of a river vessel

In the 1950s the boat of the Yaroslavl shipbuilding plant was produced in river waters and used for the needs of the navy, as well as some branches of agriculture. However, to date, new 376 project boats are no longer being launched. In addition, at the moment, as we have already mentioned, most of the serviceable river vessels belong to private individuals.

A Russian boat, the price of which may vary depending on the year of the ship's launch, as well as on the number of repairs, is easy to find on a free sale. Due to the fact that this type of vessel is being built less often today, only boats that have already been in use before can be bought.

The purchase can cost in the amount of one million rubles. It is important to carefully inspect the boat, the price of which may seem fabulous. After all, any buyer is important for a short time to receive dividends from the purchase, without spending additional funds to repair the vessel.

Conclusion

"Yaroslavets" is one of the most affordable boats, and you can buy it in almost every city in Russia. Even now it is one of the most convenient and useful river vessels due to its excellent technical characteristics.