Winter phenomena of nature: examples

One of the most beautiful times of the year, of course, is winter. It is eagerly awaited by both children and adults, because the frosty snowy weather in winter always raises the mood.

Classification of natural phenomena: examples

Climatic anomalies are subdivided by the nature of origin, impact, duration, scale and regularity. By themselves, natural phenomena are any natural meteorological change.

By origin they are geomorphological, biogeochemical, cosmic and climatic. The most common are the latter (rain, typhoon, etc.). And the most beautiful of them are the winter phenomena of nature (examples: snow, frosty patterns). In Asia and America, recent cases of geomorphological phenomena (tsunamis, volcanoes, earthquakes) have become more frequent.

By duration, meteorological anomalies are divided into instantaneous, short-term and long-term. The first include a volcanic eruption and an earthquake, to the second - flood, rain, a flurry, and to the third - the drying out of the river or climate change. Regarding regularity, according to this criterion, natural phenomena can be seasonal or daily.

The most dangerous for people's lives are spontaneous meteorological phenomena - tornado, typhoon, lightning. These can include winter phenomena of nature (examples: a snow storm and an abnormal frost).

There are also quite interesting rare phenomena in the surrounding world. Among them one can distinguish a lunar rainbow, a halo effect, a stellar rain, aurora borealis and many others.

What is characteristic of winter: examples

This time of year is rightfully considered to be the most severe period in the northern latitudes. It should be noted that winter approaches the equator in June-July. This is due to the tropical climate and the polarity of the planet.

One of the first signs of the approach of winter are minor frosts and a short light day. The weather in the winter in the countries of the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Russia and Scandinavia, sometimes amazes with its ruthlessness. For example, in Norway, the air temperature can drop to -45 degrees, and in Siberia, and at all to -70 degrees. But how beautiful is nature in winter (see photo below)! Especially it concerns wild forests and high mountains. In addition, with the approach of this time of year, there are such winter phenomena of nature as low clouds, absence of wind, frost. The most frequent climatic anomalies since mid-December are snow, snowstorm, drifts, ice and other.

Winter phenomena: frost

At this time of year in the northern countries is very cold weather. In winter, frosts there can reach a threshold of -60 degrees and below. In countries with a temperate climate, weather conditions are more tolerant and mild (up to -20 ^о С).

Frost is considered to be the air temperature, which falls below 0 degrees Celsius. This is the so-called freezing point of the liquid (water).

Frost as a natural phenomenon can be divided into categories:

• Weak (up to -3 ^о С);
• Moderate (up to -12 ^о С);
• Significant (up to -22 ^о С);
• Fierce (up to -43 ^о С);
• Extreme (up to -54 ^о С);
• Anomalous (below -55 ° C).

It is worth noting that the frosty weather in a dry climate is much more tolerable than when it is wet.

Winter phenomena: snow

Precipitation in frosty weather occurs in the form of crystallized water droplets. During passage through the cold layers of the atmosphere, the moisture particles freeze, adhere and fall to the ground. This phenomenon is called snow. It is considered the most frequent in the likelihood of an offensive in the winter after frost.

It should be noted that each snowflake does not exceed 5 mm in diameter. Nevertheless, in nature, exceptions (up to 30 mm) were observed several times. The shape of snowflakes differs from each other. First of all, this concerns the intertwining of faces. Despite this, they all have perfect symmetry and clear contours. Each snowflake is a hexagon. This format of formation is caused by the shape of the water molecule, which has 6 faces. That is why as a result of ice crystals, joining and building up in the atmosphere, create an ideal hexagon. Also on the shape of snowflakes affect the humidity and air temperature. The higher the first indicator and the lower the second, the bigger and quirky the contour will be.

Falling snow in winter plays a very important role. The snowflake keeps the heat well, preventing plants and insects from perishing in severe frost. Also, snow creates a sufficient supply of moisture so that the flora in the spring can wake up in time.

Winter phenomena: blizzard

This natural phenomenon is the transfer of snow from the surface by a strong wind. At the moment, there are 3 types of snowstorms: grass-roots, general and ground snow.

Snow storms (photo below) raise ice particles to a certain height from the surface of the earth, because of which the visibility deteriorates noticeably. If the layer of the cover along the vertical is about 2 meters, such a blizzard is called the bottom snow. With it, the horizontal visibility is practically zero. On the other hand, the sky and clouds are seen well. The wind speed at the bottom drill is about 10 m / s. During the general blizzard, snow is transported in the surface atmospheric layer. Movement of particles of frozen water occurs on kilometers upwards. At the same time, horizontal visibility can reach more than 2 meters. There is no possibility to determine the celestial bodies. The wind speed during this blizzard exceeds 12 m / s.

Pozemok is the transfer of snow cover to a meter. In this case, there is excellent and vertical and horizontal visibility. This phenomenon is observed most often in the case of snowfall. The wind speed varies from 4 to 6 m / s.

Winter phenomena: ice

This natural anomaly is directly related to precipitation. Do not confuse it with icy ice. These are two different concepts.

Ice is a cover of frozen water (during melting snow or after rain). Appears only with a noticeable drop in temperature. Formed even at 0 degrees.

Ice is the formation of an ice crust on trees, earth, wires, which is associated with precipitation on the frozen surface. This phenomenon occurs most often during a sharp warming in the upper layers of the atmosphere. Ice is considered one of the most dangerous meteorological phenomena on earth, since it involves severe injuries and car accidents. Nevertheless, such winter phenomena of nature for children are especially interesting and long-awaited, because you can skate on ice and skates on ice, like on a skating rink.

Ice build-up occurs in a matter of hours. But its destruction is extremely slow. Most often this process is delayed for several days.

Winter phenomena: freezing

This process occurs only in water bodies. Its duration varies depending on the landscape zone and air temperature. Ledostav is the formation of a frozen layer of water. The cover begins to form in the case when the temperature in the river (lake) drops to zero degrees. It should be noted that in shallow water it forms much faster. Optimum conditions for the appearance of the ice layer are low air temperature and absence of wind. In the blizzard the cover is formed only by the coast.

Such winter phenomena of nature are very dangerous for humans. At any time, the cover can crack, especially the likelihood of tragedy during the ice drift. This process occurs on rivers with a rapid current. Water begins to blur the ice and carry its fragments farther from the shore. Gradually, the frozen fragments build up due to a collision and form thick hummocks.

Winter phenomena: frosty patterns

Often with negative air temperature on the windows strange patterns are formed, as if painted with white paint. The structure of these formations is always tree-like. In meteorology, they are often called dendrites.

Frosty patterns appear on the glass in the form of frozen water molecules, when in the street the air temperature drops below 2 degrees. This is a kind of layer of loose, opaque ice. It is worth noting that in the formation of patterns a big role is played by microcracks and scratches on the glass. Dendritic crystallization always begins at the bottom of the window, because gravity acts on water molecules. Scientists have proved that with relative humidity and a sharp drop in temperature from plus to minus, similar patterns can cover 1 square meter of glass in just a couple of hours.

Winter phenomena: drifts and icicles

Significant precipitation in the minus temperature always entails large snow cover. In most cases snowdrifts are formed as a result of a prolonged blizzard. There are deposits on any obstacles - whether it is a wall, a fence or a small stump. Snowdrifts resemble sand dunes, but are much friable and lush. Formed from the leeward side of the obstacle.

Icicle is a piece of ice that hangs from an object (roof, branch, wire). Usually it has a conical shape. It forms during the melting of snow or the flow of water. Drops quickly freeze under the influence of low air temperature, forming the final form of the icicle.

Such winter phenomena of nature are extremely dangerous for people with the onset of positive air temperature. Also icicles can fall down under the action of their own gravity. In addition, because of the thick ice formations, wires often break and branches of trees break.

Rare winter phenomena of nature

One of the most surprising climatic anomalies associated with this time of year is a snow storm. This phenomenon happens every 10 years. Snow thunderstorms are due to a sharp increase in daytime air temperature. Rapidly moving deep cyclones drive wet electrified air, which descends on the cold earth in large masses with thunder and lightning.

Another rare phenomenon is the snowbow rainbow. This anomaly makes us once again wonder what unpredictable and wonderful nature is in the winter (see photo below). The rainbow arises from the refraction of the sun's rays on the ice crystals that are suspended in the air. This requires 4 conditions: high humidity, strong frost, bright sun, no wind.

A very rare but extremely dangerous winter phenomenon is a snow storm. Although in recent years, with climate change on the planet, this anomaly is encountered more often. A squall is a strong snow storm with a wind speed of more than 60 km / h. Such a storm is always marked by the death of people and serious destruction.