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What kind of fruit will be many-sided? Types of fruits: table

Who among us does not like juicy and sweet fruits? They are a favorite delicacy not only for children, but also for adults. Being a storehouse of vitamins and important microelements, it is these parts of the plant that are often the most valuable. How are they formed? What kind of fruit will be many-sided? Why is a tomato a berry? These and other interesting questions are answered in our article.

Structure of the fetus

The fruit is a modified flower and the result of its life activity. Its most important purpose is the formation and propagation of seeds. Outside, they are safely protected by the pericarp. It can be juicy or dry. But in any case consists of three layers: outer, middle and inner. Sometimes some of them coalesce with each other.

Usually all species of the same plant have the same type of fruit. But there are exceptions to this rule. For example, hygrophilous, depending on the species, may form a box or a drupe.

Classification of fruits

The fruits are very diverse. The basis for their classification is based on two factors: the number of seeds and the type of pericarp. What are the types of fruits? The table will help us deal with this issue.

Number of seeds Structure of the pericarp
Single-seeded fruit Multi-seeded fruits Juicy Dry
Kostyanka (plum) Berry (gooseberry) Apple (quince) Pod (cabbage)
Corn (corn) Bob (peas) Multicolored (raspberry) Struchochek (shepherd's bag)
Seed (sunflower) Box (whitened) Strawberry (strawberry) Lionfish (ash)

Dry fruits in some plants can be opened independently (leaflet in the animal), and in others - not capable of this (sunflower seed). Such plants are otherwise adapted to the propagation of seeds. For example, the winged nut of a birch tree is easily transferred by a wind owing to presence of special outgrowths of a pericarp.

Single-seeded fruit

If the fetus has one seed, as a rule, it is well protected from the adverse effects of the environment.

The cherry seed is covered on the outside with a stone. Often it is not so easy to split, so strong it is. Remember how the peach and plum bones look like. This is a real protection for the embryo of a plant. Juicy pulp of the bone is the food of the future organism. In addition, during decay processes, a large amount of heat is released, which provides the conditions for the development of the embryo.

In all members of the cereal family, the type of fetus is called a grain. At first glance, her pericarp has no layers. In fact, its layers are densely intergrown with each other and with seed skin. Thanks to this structure, the fetus is often given a different name. A seed is usually called a seed. But in the seed, fused layers of pericarp can be cleaned. Who does not like fragrant fried sunflower seeds? This is possible due to the fact that the pericarp does not fuse with the seed coat, unlike the grains. This type of fetus is also characteristic of asters and marigolds.

Multi-seeded fruits

This type is represented in nature quite widely. Because of the large number of seeds, the plant's chances of spreading and germinating significantly increase. However, their size is much smaller. Multi-seed dried fruit is most often unfolding. So, the hygrophilous multiself has a box, which is cracked by two leaves.

Juicy multi-seed fruits give representatives of many families of plants that are of great economic importance.

Berry

Potatoes, peppers, physalis, tomato - nightshade. All of them form a type of fruit, like a berry. Her pericarp is represented by an outer leathery layer and a juicy medium and inner. Inside there are many small seeds. Not all berries are usable. At dope and whitened they are poisonous, and at a potato - are inedible. However, mainly fruit and berry crops are widely grown and used by man. This is cranberries, black and red currants, gooseberries, blueberries and many others.

Tyqwauna

What kind of fruit will be many-sowing, consider the example of the following type. Melon, squash, pumpkin, lyuffa, cucumber - representatives of the family of pumpkin, which got its name due to the same type of fruit. It is dense, bright orange, with a characteristic pattern of the outer layer. The inner layer is juicy, contains a large amount of water, in which very useful substances are dissolved.

In the pumpkin, for example, there is a lot of vitamin A, so necessary for the development of normal human vision. A similar type of fruit has a watermelon, which is often mistakenly called the biggest berry.

Strawberry

The fruits of strawberries and strawberries have a characteristic structure: dry nuts are immersed in a juicy and fleshy receptacle. This type is called an earthman. The fruits of these plants contain a large amount of vitamin C, which helps maintain immunity.

An Apple

The structure of the fetus of this type will be considered using the example of the same plant. Skiny outer layer, juicy inner and filmy chambers, in which the seeds are, are its characteristic features. The same type of fruit have quince and pear. And rowan is called "apples" because of their small size.

Such a strong and delicious pericarp protects seeds reliably against temperature changes and lack of moisture. And thanks to valuable taste qualities, fruits of this type are actively spread by many animals.

Multicool

This type clearly illustrates what kind of fruit will be many-sided. To understand its structure, let's remember what a drupe is. This fruit inside has an ossified inner layer of the pericarp. All representatives of the Rosaceae family form them. This plum, cherry, cherry plum, cherry plum, cherry, cherry, and many others. Often, the drupe is a collection of small fruits. A typical example is raspberry, which is often called a berry.

Box

We pass to the dry fruits. Most of them are drop-down. So, the box can have several nests. When ripe, the fruit opens, and the seeds are outside. They are usually small enough and light, so they are often carried by the wind. Most plants that have a box grow in the soil. But the hygrophilous multi-seed prefers the water element or conditions of high humidity.

The box is opened in different ways. Poisonous whitening opens the lid, fragrant violet - cracked, and noble carnation - forms denticles.

Bean

From the name of this type of fruit there is also the name of the whole family - legumes. Such a fruit is revealed from two sides. In this case, the seeds remain on the leaves during this process. Acacia, alfalfa, soybeans, peanuts, sweet clover, peas and beans - all known representatives of beans.

Pod

This type of fruit is very similar to a bean. But it's only outside. If you uncover the pod, the seeds will not remain on the leaves, but on a vertical septum in the middle of the fruit. This is the main difference. The pod is typical for mustard, cabbage, horseradish, radish. What kind of fruit will be many-sided? For example, the one called the pod. Do not they, similar names? Indeed, it is a kind of pod from which it differs only in size. Examples of plants with this type of fruit are the shepherd's bag and the lunarias.

Leaflet

It is also a multi-seeded dried fruit. Its owners are briskness and aconite. In general, its structure is similar to a bean. But the leaflet is opened only on one side.

What is copulation?

Many plants have small, nondescript flowers. Alone they would not be noticeable by insects. Therefore, in nature there is a certain adaptation: small flowers are collected in inflorescences. There are cases when fruits in such formations coalesce with each other. This phenomenon can be seen in pineapple, fig or mulberry. They have a copulation.

Small and light fruits are easily spread by the wind, juicy and tasty - animals and birds. Such plant organs always have a bright outer layer of the pericarp. It is he who initially attracts animals. In aquatic plants, seeds carry the current for many kilometers from the place of flowering of the species. Many fruits form special outgrowths on their surface, which also contribute to their spread. A striking example is feather grass. Her fetus has a pointed stem and characteristic clinging hairs.

Flower and fruit are irreplaceable adaptations of flowering plants, due to which they were able to occupy a dominant position in the system of plant life on Earth.

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