What is the Moscow Art Theater and how does the abbreviation stand?

The Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky is one of the most famous, famous and popular theaters of our country. The artistic director is the famous actress Tatiana Doronina.

The Moscow Art Theater

What is the Moscow Art Theater? This is one of the capital's theaters. All connoisseurs of theatrical art, of course, are familiar with these treasured letters. The Moscow Art Theater was founded in 1898. At its sources stood K.S. Stanislavsky and VN Nemirovich-Danchenko. The theater changed the name several times. At first it was called the Art-Public Theater, in 1901 it was named after the Moscow Art Theater, and from 1919 it became known as the Moscow Art Theater. Explanation of the abbreviation - Moscow Art Academic Theater.

History of Theater

June 19, 1897 in the restaurant "Slavianski Bazaar" was a meeting of KS. Stanislavsky and VN Nemirovich-Danchenko, which discussed the creation of an innovative theater that would adhere to the principles on the basis of which the French Free Theater A. Antoine worked and the Berlin Theater "Free Scene" by O. Brahm. This is a completely new manner of acting, where everything must be realistic, without pretentious recitation and finesse. It was also supposed to make the theater public, that is, for ticket prices to be low, and any representative of the working class could join in with the beautiful. Thus, the Art and Public Theater (MAT) was created.

In 1901, the word "public" was removed from the title, as ticket prices had to be raised, the Duma refused to finance the project, and wealthy citizens took care of it financially. The director and manager was V.N. Nemirovich-Danchenko, and K.S. Stanislavsky combined the director's position with the position of the chief director. The troupe recruited students who studied acting skills from V. Nemirovich-Danchenko, and non-professional actors who played in the productions of K. Stanislavsky.

The very first production of the theater was A. Tolstoy's tragedy "Tsar Feodor Ioannovich", which turned out to be phenomenally successful and quickly fell in love with the audience. At the end of 1898, the premiere of "The Seagull" A.P. Chekhov, whose production later became legendary. This small theater was fresh, original, bold and bright. Until 1905 the repertoire consisted of plays whose authors were exclusively contemporaries of the theater: A.K. Tolstoy, A.P. Chekhov, A.M. Gorky, G. Ibsen, later they were joined by classical productions. In 1906, on its first tour abroad, the Moscow Art Theater troupe left (the decoding of its name was already given by us above).

Theater building

The abbreviation of the Moscow Art Theater appeared not at once, at first it lacked the letter "A" and the theater was called the Moscow Art Theater. Until 1902, the company did not have its own building, and the performances were shown in a rented room with a hall for 815 spectators. Keep scenery, costumes, rehearse, organize workshops there was nowhere, so there was a need to change the room. Funds for the construction was not, as the Moscow Art Theater was not financed by the state and paid rent to the owner of the building. He also existed on funds received from fees from ticket sales and from patrons of art. One of those who invested in this theater was the famous S. Morozov, who subsequently fully took over the financing of the Moscow Art Theater. He cared about renting a new building, about its reconstruction and equipment. In the summer of 1902, exactly three months later, Lianozov's house was rebuilt under the theater, where the troupe moved in the autumn of 1902. In the new building the hall was designed for 1200 spectators, the stage was equipped with a turntable, and under it were roomy warehouses for decorations. The curtain was made sliding, but not rising, and it was decorated with the famous emblem of the Moscow Art Theater - a gull that hovers over the waves.

The Soviet era

Since 1906, the theater began difficult times as a result of the emergence of disagreements between K. Stanislavsky and V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. As a result, they refused to make joint productions, although there was no gap in their creative union. In 1919, a part of the troupe that went to tour the provincial cities, was cut off from Moscow because of the Civil War, and then was forced to go abroad, and only in 1921 they managed to return.

In 1920, the theater was elevated to the academic level, and instead of the Moscow Art Theater, the Moscow Art Theater abbreviation appeared.

1922 was marked by the fact that some of the actors of the troupe, headed by K. Stanislavsky, who had toured Europe for two years, decided to stay abroad, not wishing to return to the USSR. In 1923, V. Nemirovich-Danchenko reorganized the troupe, as Stanislavsky believed that the artists lost their soul, ceased to strive for development, were too busy with material, spoiled large gatherings and became too self-assured. Many actors were replaced by new and young, which became the impetus for the development of the Moscow Art Theater.

In the repertoire the main place was occupied by plays by playwrights of that time, although classical productions also took place, and the productions based on them were innovative. The most famous performances of that era were "Turbine Days", "Armored Train 14-69", "Mad Day, or Marriage of Figaro". In the 1930s, disagreements between V. Nemirovich-Danchenko and K.S. Stanislavsky reached the limit, and in 1934 Konstantin Sergeyevich left the Moscow Art Theater.

In 1932 the theater was named after Maxim Gorky, which entrusted the obligation to include his works in the repertoire.

After the death of VN. Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Art Theater was run by the Art Council.

In 1950-1960, the theater experienced a crisis, the absence of the main director led to the fact that the stage directors were the actors themselves, as a result, most of the plays were one-day ones, there were few spectators, popularity fell, and enmity prevailed in the collective.

In 1970 Khudsovet appointed O. Yefremov as the main director, who breathed new life into the theater, set a number of outstanding performances, and renewed the troupe. When he returned to the Moscow Art Theater, popularity returned. The only thing that he could not overcome was the situation in the team, which eventually led to the fact that the troupe split into two camps, each of which had its own repertoire and its director.

Moscow Art Theater. A.P. Chekhov

Soon the split company was transformed into two separate theaters, and as a result, two Moscow Art Academies became in Moscow. Each of them had his own leader. What is the Moscow Art Theater named after A.P. Chekhov? This is one of the two theaters formed due to the split. Theater named after A.P. Chekhov was headed by O. Efremov. In 2000, after his death, the leader was O. Tabakov, who holds this post today. Thanks to him, the repertoire was renewed, the basis of which is now classical works. And he also updated the troupe. Today among the theater actors there are such famous names as K. Khabensky, M. Porechenkov and many others. In 2004, the name of the theater disappeared from the letter "A", meaning "academic", and now it is called the Moscow Art Theater named after A. Chekhov. Although officially the name has not changed, it was replaced only on posters. What does the translation of the Moscow Art Theater mean today? The same as before the theater collapsed - the Moscow Art Academic Theater. It is located in the Kamergersky lane.

Theater of Doronina

What is the Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky? And this is the second theater, formed as a result of the split in 1987. It was headed by Tatiana Doronina. How is the Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky deciphered? The answer is very simple: the Moscow Art Academic Theater named after Maxim Gorky. It was located on Tverskoi Boulevard. The Moscow Art Theater under the direction of T. Doronina adheres to the traditions that formed in the era of Stanislavsky. On the stage of the theater there are classical plays with the restored direction of V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. The emblem of the Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky is a seagull floating above the waves.

School-studio

What is the Moscow Art Theater School? This higher educational institution, which is open at the theater named after AP. Chekhov. Future actors, producers and producers are trained here. The school-studio was opened in 1943 on the initiative of V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Six months after his death, the school was given his name. This theater university is one of the most famous and famous in the country, it is very difficult to enter because of the big competition. For example, at the faculty of acting, the contest is about 30 people per seat. Among the graduates of the Moscow Art Theater School named after V.N. Nemirovich-Danchenko a large number of famous actors: L. Bronevo, E. Evstigneev, T. Doronina, O. Basilashvili, A. Filozov, V. Vysotsky, N. Karachentsov, E. Proklova, A. Baluev, E. Mironov and others.

The repertoire of the Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky

The audience, at least once visiting the Moscow Art Theater, reviews for the most part leave very enthusiastic. So, the words of admiration sound to the actors, directors, decorators. On the stage of the theater there are interesting plays, both classical and modern, which, in most cases, are very popular with the public. In the repertoire there are also performances for children, which can be visited by the whole family.

Today among the productions there are also very famous:

• "Blue bird";
• "Chocolate soldier";
• "The Master and Margarita";
• "Romeo and Juliet";
• "Russian Vaudeville";
• "Hamlet";
• "Vassa Zheleznova" and many others.

After reading this article, no one will have any more questions about how the Moscow Art Theater is deciphered (as translated).

Troupe

To date, the theater serves more than 60 actors. Of these, 18 have the title of "Honored Artist of Russia" and 13 - the title of "People's Artist of Russia."

Thus, for today, the Moscow Art Theater appears before us, the decipherment of the abbreviation of which looks like "Moscow Art Academic Theater".