What is EGD? Preparation for this survey

People with diseases of the digestive system, for more accurate diagnosis, and other appoint additional examination methods, for example fibrogastroscopy. This article is calculated on those who pass it for the first time and do not know how to prepare for the EGD. It describes the diseases in which this examination is shown. The technique of conducting FGDS, preparation necessary for examination and diagnosed diseases are considered.

FGDS or fibrogastroduodenoscopy is a method of examination of the digestive system. The emergence of endoscopy in medicine revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. With this method, you can visually examine the esophagus, stomach and the initial department of the duodenum. The examination is carried out using an endoscope (fibrogastroscope). The principle of the endoscope is based on fiber optics. Outwardly, the device is a flexible tube, about one centimeter in diameter. For children, endoscopes of a smaller diameter and length are used, corresponding to age characteristics. Inside the tube, thin optical fibers pass through which conduct light and transmit the image. Also through the tube passes a channel through which you can hold a tool to take a biopsy, a tool to cut the bleeding ulcer, as well as special brackets that overlap the edges of the ulcer. A small amount of air is injected through the endoscope, in order to spread the folds of the stomach.

As stated above, it is possible to determine the diagnosis with diseases of the digestive system precisely by performing an electrocardiogram. Preparation for it is carried out in advance. With the help of this method, it is possible to diagnose diseases of the esophagus (esophagitis, diverticula, hernia of the esophagus, diaphragm, tumors, etc.), stomach (gastritis of all forms, stomach ulcers, polyps, cancer, etc.), duodenal ulcer (ulcers, cancer, Sphincter of Oddi, etc.). If a dubious area on the mucous membrane or ulcers is found, it is necessary to morphologically examine the affected tissue. With the introduction of endoscopy, it became possible. Special nippers "bite off" the necessary piece of tissue. With the help of FGDS it is possible not only to diagnose, but also to carry out medical manipulations, such as stopping bleeding, irrigation of the ulcer with alcohol, splitting with medicinal preparations etc.

Preparation of the patient for EGF. Technique of the procedure

If it is necessary to plan the conduct of the FGD, the preparation should be done in advance, no less than 12 hours before the examination. You just need not eat or drink. It is important that there is no food in the stomach, because, firstly, it interferes with the examination of the organ, and secondly, it unnecessarily provokes a vomiting reflex and causes vomiting of food remnants. Before the examination, lidocaine is administered to the root of the tongue and pharynx in the form of an aerosol and a solution from the ampoule. This anesthetic will reduce discomfort and urge for vomiting. A special plastic mouthpiece is inserted into the mouth, which prevents involuntary clenching of the teeth during the procedure and prevents damage to the endoscope. Then gradually, without sudden movements, enter the endoscope, turning its flexible end according to physiological bends with the help of rings on the handle. With the introduction of the endoscope, a gradual air injection is carried out in order to spread the folds of the stomach. During the procedure there is an involuntary eructation of air and salivation.

To make the examination easier, you need to follow simple rules. This examination is an unpleasant procedure, so before it is carried out, it is necessary to calm down as much as possible and try to control yourself. Especially hard and with excitement is usually the first FGD, because of fear of pain and discomfort. During carrying out it is important to breathe even nose and not to make swallowing movements. Hands should not interfere with the inspection. They need to be kept along the body or "hug" themselves. If you need to take a piece of tissue for a morphological study, you need to know that this manipulation is completely painless, since the mucosa of the stomach and duodenum has no sensitive endings.

The patient needs to remember that for faster completion of the FGD procedure, the preparation should consist not only in excluding food the day before, but also in a moral mood. Then the examination will pass painlessly and quickly.