What are scales? Types, names of scales. Table Gamma

Music has properties that are incomprehensible to the logic of an ordinary person. It can excite, raise morale, calm or, conversely, lead to hysterics. The one who took the guitar in his hands, knows how fascinating sounds from the vibration of the string, how people begin to contract to these sounds. Why buy high-quality speakers or go to live concerts, why is a person so important to good sound? Anyone who has decided to understand this himself, or simply picked up a musical instrument, sooner or later realizes that music has its own laws, notes are put not as you like, but in accordance with the musical notation, rules are the construction of scales. "And what are scales?" - you ask.

Music education

A person who came to a music school to study or decided to understand the theory himself begins to face such words as a scale, a tonic, with questions about what scales, tone and so on.

With the scale everything is simple, it sounds all right. Tonic or tone of a gamma is the main sound. Gamma is a scale from tonics to tonics. To make it clear, look at the piano keys, see how the white and black keys alternate. The repetition period of the color change lasts for seven white keys, with the eighth the new period begins. Here is the first and last key in the gamut and will be a tonic. B flat, which looks like an externally on a soft sign, lowers the sound by a semitone, and sharp, looks like a grill, increases by a half.

Another thing is to figure out the numbers. Because in music they are pronounced in Latin. Prima - one, second - two, third - three, quarter - four, remember the famous fable "Quartet", about four musicians, five quints, six - six, seven - seventh, Claudius Sextus or Julius Septim, Which meant the sixth and seventh respectively, the octave - eight.

Types of scales

What are scales? This is a sequence of sounds, so if you have a musical instrument at your fingertips, you can play it right now. Of the main types of distinguished major and minor. There are their versions - harmonic and melodic. These types of scales are based on tonal music.

Kinds of scales are very diverse, there is modal, here a little more difficult to understand, since gamma in modal music can accommodate more or less than seven sounds. There are pentatonic scales of five sounds. Particular attention should be paid to jazz scales: blues pentatonic, blues and bebop major and minor, jazz minor with a melodic variety, increased gamma, altered dominant scale.

Some people come up with their names of scales, when they believe that they have built something new, but in fact it is extremely difficult to get away from the music standards if not impossible.

Gamming

The major scale is constructed from the first sound as the tone (W), the tone (W), the semitone (H), the tone (W), the tone (W), the tone (W), the semitone (H). The major scale from the note to the most simple, since it does not have sharps and flat. Minor scale is based on the first sound: tone (W), semitone (H), tone (W), tone (W), semitone (H), tone (W), tone (W). Of the minor, the simplest range from a la.

In the harmonic major the sixth sound is dropped, and in the melodic - the sixth and seventh sounds. In the harmonic minor, on the contrary, the seventh sound rises, and in the melodic - the sixth and seventh sounds.

Let's build all types of scales from a note to mi for better understanding, notes with sharps and flats are on black keys.

Major scale: before, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si, before.

Harmonic major scale DO: before, re, mi, fa, salt, la b (the sixth lowered sound, the black key), si, up.

Melodic major scale DO: before, re, mi, fa, salt, LA (the sixth lowered sound, black key), CI b (seventh lowered sound, black key), up to.

Minor gamma DO: before, re, mb (black key), fa, salt, b (black key), c (black key), up to.

Minor harmonic gamma DO: before, re, mb (black key), fa, salt, la (black key), si (increased seventh sound), up to.

Minor melodic gamma DO: before, re, mi b (black key), fa, salt, la (increased sixth sound), si (increased seventh sound), up to.

Major scale MI: mi, fa # (black key), salt # (black key), la, si, up to # (black key), re # (black key), mi.

The harmonic major scale is MI: mi, fa # (black key), salt # (black key), la, si, up to (sixth low sound), sharp (black key), mi.

The melodic major scale is MI: mi, fa # (black key), salt # (black key), la, si, up (the sixth low sound), re (seventh low sound), mi.

Minor scale of MI: mi, fa # (black key), salt, la, si, before, re, mi.

Minor harmonic gamma MI: mi, fa # (black key), salt, la, si, before, re # (increased seventh sound, black key), mi.

Minor melodic gamma MI: mi, fa #, salt, la, si, up to # (increased sixth sound), re # (increased seventh sound), mi.

Gammas in music

Surely, you've heard the word gamma in application not only to music. This can be a range of feelings for describing emotions and events, or maybe a gamut of colors for creating a picture. Gamma notes for the musician, as a palette for the artist. Her fingers are trained to play a musical instrument, learn to navigate among strings or keys, get used to the sound. When writing works, when there is no musical instrument nearby, sounds are recalled by gamma. You can probably do without them, and the result is good. But why give up a convenient and proven tool.

Any table of scales is a hint for a musician, of course, knowing the rules, you can build any gamut yourself, but with a cheat sheet is easier. After all, in order to build the required interval between notes, it is enough to look at the gamma of the same tonic as the created work, and leave the necessary notes.

The Art of Music

The art of playing musical instruments has been accumulating over the years. First, a music school, then a conservatory, then an academy and gamers play everywhere. They play for warm-up, for flexibility of fingers. This is the palette of music!

Mathematics and Music

Modern scientists have thoroughly approached music from the point of view of mathematics. Music obeys laws that can be calculated. It is difficult to make all calculations in the head, but having written down the algorithm into a computer, the machine was taught to compose music. They say that it turns out not worse than the works of the classics.

But the machine is a machine. What are the scales for it? For her, this is a set of sounds, from which it is necessary to form a sequence. For man, these are the colors through which he describes emotions. Any composer imagines music, gives her mood through amplification, remission and other tricks. Their creations have names such as "Farewell to the Motherland", "Variety Artist", waltz "Birch", "Rivals". Composers describe events and actions using the language of music.

Computers have gone far in development and can write music, but it's composed by a person!