Transnational corporations in the Russian market

Transnational corporations are gigantic financial and industrial associations with national or international capital, built on the principles of governance and centralized planning around the world, participating in the international division of labor and using the advantages of internationalization to maximize profits.

The largest corporations are represented in the form of gigantic formations, by wealth superior to many countries.

You can name the largest transnational corporations in the global economy such as General Electric, Coca-Cola, Hitachi, Nestle, Ford, Microsoft, British Petroleum, Siemens, Philips, IBM and others.

From simple firms, these conglomerates are distinguished by the presence of an extensive network of subsidiaries and overseas branches of an industrial nature created through the purchase of shares of other operating companies or direct investments.

The world's leading transnational corporations have more than 400,000 subsidiaries abroad, most of which are registered in the Republic of China, the United States, the FRG, Singapore, France, the United Kingdom and Japan.

Today almost all world companies, one way or another, are present on the Russian market. The greatest interest on their part is fuel and energy, aerospace, defense, telecommunication and communication, services and the food industry.

In the countries of the former USSR, there are about two thousand subsidiaries, of which only in Russia there are more than 1000. Maximum interest in Russia is shown by Japanese, German and American TNCs.

World experience shows that the largest TNCs were created on the basis of financial industrial groups. In Russia, the formation of such structures is only beginning, however, this process is gaining decent pace.

The creation of Russian financial groups began with the goal of efficient circulation and reproduction of trade, industrial and financial capital, its concentration, accumulation and investment in the most important branches of the economy. In addition, domestic associations should contribute to increasing the competitiveness of key sectors of the economy, export development and the restoration of lost economic ties.

However, before the formation of FIGs, transnational corporations in Russia already existed. An example is TNK "Ingosstrakh", which has associated and affiliated branches and companies in the USA, the Netherlands, Great Britain, France and other countries of the world. In addition, the Nafta-Moscow concern can be named.

Some Russian corporations have emerged relatively recently. These include Lukoil with oil producing and processing enterprises, Avtovaz, Eye Microsurgery, which has a large number of branches around the world. The indisputable leader among Russian TNCs is Gazprom, which supplies raw materials abroad.

The creation of TNCs is usually done through the merger of industrial and banking capital. Therefore, the core of financial industrial groups are transnational banks. The largest player in the banking sector is Sberbank, which operates in the market of many countries.

TNCs are the main structures that export capital. Russia is no exception. Capital abroad is exported financially by the most powerful companies in the fuel and energy complex.

The largest investor in the economy of other countries is Gazprom, which controls about 35% of all the world's proven gas reserves, providing this raw material with one-fifth of the needs of Western countries. Significant investments enable the structure to own exchanges, banks, joint companies, to own property not only in Russia, but also in developed countries.