Tractor DT-20: specifications

The DT-20 tractor is a legendary wheeled tractor manufactured at a tractor plant in Kharkov from 1958 to 1969. A total of 248 400 machines came off the assembly line.

The relevance

The Kharkov Tractor Plant produced the DT-20 model also for export. Thousands of new, sparkling red cars flew to France, the Netherlands, Belgium and many other countries. The machine, ideally suited for harvesting agricultural work, was sold like hot cakes. The price was more than affordable, and it was of great importance.

A simple, frameless design, brake pedals that can be rearranged and deployed, a diesel engine with a water-cooled, sufficiently efficient cooling, so it does not heat up under any load - these are the advantages of the model.

The changing track was added to the appeal, which was especially valuable in French vineyards, where the track never had a specific value and was of different widths. Variable clearance, adjustable longitudinal base, the possibility of rearrangement, compactness - all this made the Soviet wheeled tractor attractive not only in agriculture, but also in the forest, communal system and construction sites.

The universality of the machine was fantastic. The only drawback was the absence of a roof. They tried to replace it with a tent, but that was not enough. The constant wind blew off the tent, and no fastenings helped.

Modernization

The DT-20 was used as a further development of the DT-14B project, which needed further development.

Diesel engine DT-20 developed 18 liters. With., This was quite enough to perform work in the horticultural economy with a variety of trailed and attached devices.

In comparison with the predecessor, the DT-20 received a new tail, the wings were considerably enlarged, the racks of the hinged canopy were extended, the pedal of simultaneous activation of all brakes was installed at once.

The universal unit DT-20 (tractor), the photo of which is presented in the article, was used as a tractor, as a transporter for transportation of vegetable production, assembled in advance in semitrailers on wheels. Such work was most effective in time. On the fields, in fact, a pipeline was created for the uninterrupted delivery of products to storage facilities.

Tractor DT-20: specifications

Model DT-20 refers to the sixth traction class of special small-sized equipment. The tractor is equipped with an engine KhTZ D-20 with a capacity of 18 liters. from. And sufficiently high-speed, the rotation speed was 1600 rpm. The power unit accelerated the car to a speed of 9.5 km / h. This speed was enough for dynamic transportation of trailed devices with finished products.

The DT-20 tractor was characterized by good maneuverability, the turning radius of the machine did not exceed 780 mm, which allowed to be deployed in small areas. A ground clearance of 250 mm was also sufficient to successfully perform complex maneuvers to overcome obstacles in agricultural work. The specific fuel consumption of a compact machine was only about 200 g per hour of continuous idling. And since most of the operations were carried out with low gas, the HTZ DT-20 tractor could be considered quite an economical car.

At certain times, when the harvest progress increased, the car could increase the speed and significantly increase the speed. Characteristics of the tractor DT-20 relative to its efficiency in the normal operation mode looks quite positive: the machine is powerful, economical and reliable in operation. This is confirmed by passport data, where the main operational parameters are marked.

Weight and overall parameters

• The length of the tractor is 3040 mm.
• The width is 1304 mm.
• The height is 1442 mm.
• The capacity of the fuel tank is about 140 liters.

Power point

Model DT-20 was equipped with a D-20 engine with flexible characteristics. Rated power 18 liters. from. Could increase to 20 liters. from. By increasing the speed from 1600 per minute to 1800 rpm. At the same time, this regime was not limited in any way, the unit was overheated and could work at increased speeds for quite a long time.

The compression ratio of the engine was noted within 15 units, which was also close to normal. A small diesel did not need to start up, which usually equipped with more powerful engines. The D-20 engine was started by an electric starter.

The engine was in need of modernization, so the alteration began with the configuration of the crankshaft crankshaft. Because of this, the side walls of the crankcase had to be redesigned. Some parameters have been changed to take into account the prospects for higher revs.

There were a lot of changes, but all of them were constructively connected with each other, so a well-balanced, reliable engine with a sufficiently long resource turned out.

Transmission

The transmission of rotation to the rear wheels was quite simple and consisted of a coupling, clutch, differential rear axle. The transmission provided a four-step forward and the same movement back. For special cases, a fifth reduction gear was provided.

At that time, the DT-20 wheeled tractor was equipped with only one rear axle. The front wheels did not play any traction efforts, but only performed the function of controlling the machine. Therefore, the developers tried to load the front axle. Even simple ballast in the form of cast-iron linings was used, if only the front wheels did not bully during transportation of trailers.

Unique engineering solutions

Numerous improvements and changes on the site made it possible to create more than one additional device. The DT-20 tractor received additional opportunities for the already existing staff. The car was easily rebuilt for constant backing. All that was in the cabin, you could rearrange: steering column, pedals, driver's seat. All devices could be turned 180 degrees and operate in the same mode, but only in the other direction.

This unique solution to issues related to tractor management was extremely useful from the point of view of practical application. The tractor, already universal, became a super-universal machine.

Mechanization of horticulture and vegetable growing in the national economy of the USSR was one of the most important technical tasks of that difficult time. The DT-20 was an ideal mechanism for solving similar tasks. In addition to its own capabilities, the DT-20 was also equipped with a whole set of various adaptations.

Special auxiliaries

1. Lozooporportchik LVN-1,5.
2. Sprayer ONK-B.
3. Tipping platforms for unloading grapes.
4. AVN-0.5 for the export of grapes of collected wine varieties.
5. Sprayer for vineyards "Dawn" ORPN.
6. Grape scoops.
7. Loader for transportation of vines.
8. Spray gun OSHU-50.
9. Thresher, pick-up for flax.

Memory of the legendary farm machine

Presented in many museums on the mechanization of agriculture DT-20. The tractor, whose photo is everywhere, regardless of the status of the exhibition or museum, is popular.

• Exposition in Saratov on Sokolova mountain in the open air.
• Museum in the Estonian city of Tartu.
• Museum of life and architecture of the Dnieper.
• Museum of tractors in Cheboksary.

Thanks to exhibition complexes and museums, the memory of the famous cars, tractors and combines of the Soviet period lives.