The structure of the brain. Functional load on some elements

The activity of the central nervous system is inextricably linked to the brain. The structure of the brain largely determines its functions and properties. The place for placing the brain with its surrounding envelopes by nature is defined in the cavity of the cerebral skull. It is possible to trace the complete correspondence of the surface of the inner arch of the skull with the shape of the upper ventral surface of the brain. In the lower surface of the base of the brain, the relief is complex, and corresponds to the cranial fossa on the inner base of the skull.

The weight of the brain is already quite an adult person varies between 1100-2000 grams. From the age of 20 to the age of sixty, both the mass of the brain and its volume remain unchanged and maximum for each individual.

Considering the structure of the brain, we distinguish the most outstanding elements of it, which are three large constituent parts. These are the twin hemispheres, the brain stem and the cerebellum.

The element, the most burdened functional, are the hemispheres of the human brain. In adults it is the most powerful and most important element of the central nervous system. The hemispheric sections are arranged so that they can cover all the other components of the brain. To separate the right and left hemispheres is the deep longitudinal slit of the large brain, it reaches a large brain spike or the so-called corpus callosum. In the region of the posterior sections, the longitudinal slit extends to the transverse cleft of the large brain. It serves to separate the cerebellum from the hemisphere.

All that is located below, except for the cerebellum, are the components of the brain stem, they received the name: medulla oblongata, posterior, middle and intermediate divisions. But this is closer to the section studying the structure of the human spinal cord.

To answer questions about the nature of the emergence of the main functions of the central nervous system, which disturbed scientists and physicians, allowed their work on the study of human physiology. Only after understanding the structure of the brain, you can give an explanation for a wide range of processes that arise as a result of human life. As a complex mechanism in which separate functions are responsible for different functions, the central nervous system has also allocated functional loads to its various constituent parts. For example, the answer to the question of the localization (location) of the sites responsible for performing the most basic functions, gave the structure of the cerebral cortex.

Motor functions are controlled by the cortical part of the analyzer, which is responsible for this function. It is located in front of the central gyrus, in part of the front central sulcus. This area has become the location of nerve cells, which are responsible for their activity even for the smallest movement of the body.

Large nerve cells with their processes, which are located in the cortex, its deep layers, stretch into the medulla oblongata, at this point there is a crossing of their considerable part, i.е. There is a process of transition to the opposite side. Completing the transition, they descend along the spinal cord, there are already crossed their remaining fragments. In the anterior part of the spinal cord, they find contact with the nerve cells that are located here. The signal that has arisen in the cortex, as the wires reach the motor neurons, by their fibers reaches the muscles.

For auditory functions, the auditory area, located in the temporal lobe of the examined cortex, is responsible. The visual functions are assigned to the occipital lobe in the cerebral cortex. Damage to any of the above sites leads to certain violations of the CNS.

The structure of the brain has the property of separating not only by elements. The brain, like a spinal cord, is surrounded by three membranes. They are divided into internal (soft), medium (spider) and outer (hard) shells. Each of them is a direct continuation of the spinal cord membranes.

Despite the deep study of this important body, he does not hasten to disclose all his secrets. But the painstaking work of doctors and scientists does not stop to this day. Their assertiveness and purposefulness are aimed at achieving a noble goal in the struggle for human health.