The scientific picture of the world and its varieties

The concept of a scientific picture of the world is used in different interpretations. This is a special form of knowledge, based on scientific data, corresponding to a certain historical period.

The concept of a scientific picture of the world is often used in the meaning of the image and model of the world when characterizing the worldview positions of someone. But more often the term "scientific picture of the world" denotes that system of knowledge that is acquired as a result of the theoretical foundations laid down in the natural sciences, the object of research of which is nature and society in a single connection and through fundamental concepts.

The scientific picture of the world is considered in three varieties:

1. General scientific idea of the universe and society on the basis of all knowledge, concluded in different disciplines.
2. A natural picture of the world in the scientific perspective of the preconceived notions of society and nature and generalizing scientific information that has evolved as a result of the development of natural and socio-humanitarian disciplines.
3. Disciplinary vision of the world, expressed in the term "ontology" and understood in the light of a particular science, for example, the physical or chemical picture of the world.

The scientific picture of the world is fundamentally different from the unscientific in that it is based on a theory that is scientifically sound, proven, and therefore undoubted. But this does not mean that the scientific picture of the world is identical to scientific theory. The first reflects the object as a whole, in isolation from the process of obtaining knowledge, and the theory simultaneously carries in its content and logically based evidence.

The scientific picture of the world performs three, closely interrelated, functions that are performed in the process of research. The first of them is to systematize the available scientific knowledge, forming a complex, but understandable and unified whole. The second function is to determine the strategy for future scientific knowledge, when the NCM acts as a research program. And the third task, which it is called upon to perform, is to ensure the objectivity of scientific knowledge and their inclusion in the treasury of the cultural heritage of mankind.

The philosophical and scientific picture of the world is closely related. They both represent the form of human knowledge of the surrounding reality. However, the philosophical picture has its own specifics. It considers, first of all, from the point of view of the basis of being. And secondly, philosophy is interested in the picture of the world on the part of the structure of the overall structure and state in which it is located. Depending on this, and formed two basic concepts in philosophy, known as materialism and idealism. If materialism recognizes the basis of being matter, then idealism puts forward the absolute idea.

For all the dissimilarity between themselves, the philosophical and scientific picture of the world converge in that both the scientist and the philosopher, analyzing any situation, must make a choice in the direction of a materialistic or idealistic position. That is, the philosophical substantiation of its position when considering issues of universal significance becomes mandatory. To exclude subjective moments completely, unfortunately, is impossible.

The modern scientific picture of the world seeks to bring knowledge closer to the real state of reality and recognizes the relevance of the problem of obtaining objective knowledge only on the basis of repeated practical testing. Scientists understand the impossibility of creating a picture of the world completely and pay great attention to the study of phenomena of reality characteristic of common features, combining the objective and subjective. Even such fundamental discoveries about the foundations of the universe, as the structure of the atom and electrons, will be further elaborated by many generations of curious minds.