The Russian Navy - composition. Ships of the Russian Navy. Flag of the Russian Navy

Naval Forces are a specific kind of Armed Forces, which stands guard over the interests of Russia. They are in the readiness to defend the Motherland in the ocean and sea theaters of military operations. The fleet is ready to interact with the Land Forces during possible continental wars.

Flag of the Navy

The flag of the Russian Navy is a symbol of valor and glory. It has a glorious history. His appearance is associated with the name of Peter the Great, and the name - with the name of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called, who was destined to become the first disciple called Christ. In addition, it was this saint who, fulfilling the mission entrusted by God, came to the land of the future Russia, carrying faith to the peoples who inhabited it. Deep respect for Russians manifested itself in the confirmation of the St. Andrew's Order in 1696, adorned with the image of the glorious apostle who visited our land.

How was the flag created? Peter I, the great reformer of the army and navy, personally engaged in heraldry. He analyzed historical parallels, symbols. The main motif of the banner was an inclined cross (the Apostle Andrew, like Christ, was crucified on the cross for the faith). Therefore, for many generations of our sailors, the symbol depicted by Tsar Peter was associated with faith and the Fatherland. According to the naval tradition, the captain, addressing the Russian sailors before the battle, always ended with the words that they are kept by God and St. Andrew's flag.

The fleet since 1992 has restored to itself a historical flag of the Russian Navy, thereby continuing the interrupted tradition. Under him, as before, the seamen carry out the responsible tasks of maintaining the country's defense capability.

The tasks of the fleet in peacetime

In peacetime, the potential of the fleet serves to deter possible aggression of a likely enemy in relation to the Russian Federation. There is continuous training and combat work. It would seem that the time is peaceful, but somewhere on its routes missile-carrying submarines (RPSN) are continuously on alert. In strategically important areas, search, surveillance and escort of the RPLN, the carrier groups of the probable enemy are carried out. There is a counteraction to his intelligence, communications. A preliminary survey of the areas of possible military operations is being carried out.

The Russian Navy is ready to protect the coast, act jointly with the Interior Ministry and internal troops in the event of civil conflicts, and when liquidating the consequences of disasters - work together with the Ministry of Emergencies and civil defense.

Obviously, it is the Naval Forces that represent the best guarantee of the implementation of national economic activity in the World Ocean. They represent the Russian Federation on the vast water expanses, perform representative functions at the command of the command by visiting the ships. The Russian Navy also fulfills interstate obligations by participating in peacekeeping operations that the world community has ratified, provided that it meets the interests of the country.

Fleet tasks in time of war

In wartime, the fleet is ready to actively defend the sovereignty of the state on inland sea waters, in the space of the exclusive zone, as well as on the continental shelf. In addition, he also should, under military threats, carry out a specific "naval task" - to defend the freedom of the high seas. In order to carry out the above tasks, during the time specified by the standards of combat operations, it is transferred to the military state through rapid deployment. If there is an opportunity to localize the conflict or prevent it, protecting the navigation, this function is performed first.

In conditions of an active phase of combat operations, the Russian Navy fleet must strike remote enemy ground targets, ensure the combat mode of operation of the RPSSN, strike at the underwater and surface naval forces, protect enemy coasts, defend the Russian coast, and interact with land front groupings of troops.

Composition of the Navy

Leadership of the navy is carried out by the Navy's commander-in-chief. This refers to the management of its functional forces and means: surface and underwater, naval aviation, coastal troops, coastal artillery and missile, and marine infantry.

Organizationally, the Russian Navy is comprised of the following operational-strategic associations: the Baltic, North, Pacific, Black Sea Fleet, and the Caspian Flotilla.

Northern Fleet

The naval bases of the Northern Fleet are Severomorsk and Severodvinsk. It is called oceanic, atomic, missile. The basis of combat power is made up of nuclear-powered submarines-rocket carriers and torpedo submarines, missile and submarine aircraft, pr / boat boats, missile ships, as well as the aircraft carrier - the flagship of the fleet, the nuclear heavy cruiser Peter the Great. Simultaneously, this mighty warship is the flagship of the Russian Navy.

The length of this missile cruiser is 251.1 m, width is 28.5 m, height from the level of its main plane is 59 m, displacement is 23.7 thousand tons. The giant "heart" of the giant is served by two nuclear reactors. Autonomy of navigation of the flagship of Russia is determined by the supply of food for the crew on board, which is enough for about 2 months. Technically, thanks to its reactors, the cruiser can swim unlimitedly - without calling at the port. The maximum speed of the ship is 31 knots.

The Northern Fleet is the most formidable operational-strategic formation of the Russian Navy. The military missions that make up its power for warships for combat training are regularly set. For example, the flagship of the fleet about once a year and a half, along with accompanying ships crosses the Atlantic Ocean, on his account participated in the international exercises "Vostok-2010", "Indra-2009".

The Baltic Fleet

Near the "window to Europe" is the service of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy. Its composition (ships) is now being intensively modernized and updated. The process takes place against the backdrop of building up the military might of NATO countries in Europe. The Baltic fleet is planned to be strengthened due to the new frigates of the project 11 356 with eight cruise anti-ship missiles and anti-submarine rocket-torpedoes on board.

This operational-strategic formation is based in the Kaliningrad region (Baltiysk) and in the Leningrad region (Kronstadt). Functionally, it protects the Baltic economic zone, contributes to the safety of the passage of ships, fulfills the functions of foreign policy. This is the oldest Russian fleet. His story began with the victory over the Swedish ships on May 18, 1703. Today two destroyers - "Restless" and "Persevering" - form the basis of the combat power of the Baltic Navy of Russia.

Forms its combat potential brigade of diesel submarines, a division of surface ships, auxiliary ship junctions, coastal troops, naval aviation. The flagship is the destroyer "Persevere". This year, the ship navigation systems (hydrometeorological complexes, cartographic systems, hydrocourse indicators, etc.) are updated, and the Baltiysk harbor is being modernized.

Black Sea Fleet

After entering the Russian Empire of the Crimea, in 1783, with the Empress Catherine the Great, this fleet was created. Today it is based in the cities of Sevastopol and Novorossiysk. Since 18.03.2014 the main base of the Black Sea Fleet - Sevastopol - has become part of Russia.

25 thousand people count l / s of the Black Sea Navy of Russia. Its following forces and means are composed: diesel-type submarines, surface ships of the ocean-sea type, naval aviation (fighter, missile, anti-submarine). The main tasks of this fleet are to protect the Black Sea economic zone and ensure navigation. The flagship of the fleet is the Moscow missile cruiser.

Currently, military observers report on the formation of Black Sea naval coastal forces and artillery with radio technical equipment, equipped with S-300PM2 SAM systems, Pantsir-C1. It is expected that the naval aviation of the fleet will be reinforced with MiG-29 and Su-27SM aircraft, Su-25SM attack aircraft. It is also planned to reinforce anti-submarine aircraft by supplementing the units with IL-38N aircraft, Ka-52K assault helicopters and Ka-29M and Ka-27 decks.

As reported in the press, a regiment of long-range bombers Tu-22M3 will be stationed at the airfield in Gvardeisky. They will be able to tactically support the ships of the Russian Navy of the Mediterranean squadron. In parallel, the formation of the ground-based military unit of the peninsula is taking place.

Pacific Fleet

This Russian fleet provides protection of Russia's interests in the Asia-Pacific region. It is based in Vladivostok, in Fokino, in the Small Ulysses. The basis of combat power is strategic underwater missile cruisers, nuclear and diesel submarines, ocean surface ships, naval aviation (fighter, missile, anti-submarine), coastal troops. The flagship of the fleet is the Varyag rocket cruiser.

This fleet carries out an important strategic task of nuclear deterrence. Constantly on the routes of combat duty are nuclear submarines. Pacific ships of the Russian Navy carry out guaranteed protection of the regional economic zone.

The Caspian Flotilla

The Caspian flotilla is based in Makhachkala and Kaspiisk. The region of this sea is its area of responsibility. Organizationally, the flotilla is a component of the Southern VO. It is formed by brigades and battalions of surface ships. The flagship of the flotilla is the patrol ship Gepard, equipped with cruise missiles Caliber-NK. The tasks of countering terrorism, safety of navigation, protection of Russia's state interests in the oil-producing region are set before it.

The ships that are part of the Russian Navy

At first glance, it is difficult for a layman to even imagine the naval composition of the Russian Navy, but nevertheless, as it turned out, this information is freely available. This makes it possible to "embrace the immensity": in a convenient compact form, to provide summary data on the fleets of a country occupying 1/5 of the land (see Table 1). Comment on the abbreviation allowed in the table: the fleet in it for compactness is indicated in capital letters.

Table 1. Ship composition of the Russian Navy as of early 2014.

Prospects for the development of the Russian Navy

We will analyze the prospects for the development of the fleet, based on an interview given by the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Viktor Viktorovich Chirkov.

The very logic of the development of the Navy as a complex, holistic organism, the admiral believes, does not accept hasty decisions.

Therefore, its development is planned as a strategic process until 2050. The goal of further progress is associated with increasing the effectiveness of nuclear deterrence of the enemy.

The plan provides that the Russian Navy will receive the newest ships in 3 stages:

• From 2012 to 2020;
• From 2021 to 2030;
• From 2031 to 2050.

At the first stage, the construction of submarine nuclear cruisers of the IV generation will be completed. The main carrier of ballistic weapons will be the RPLSN project 955A.

The second stage will be marked by replacing the existing RPLN with their analogues of the IV generation. It is also planned to create a ship-based strategic missile system for surface ships. At the same time, the development of submarine nuclear cruisers of the fifth generation will be launched.

At the third stage, it is planned to develop the construction of the V-generation nuclear cruisers that have been tested.

In addition to the principal increase in the potential characteristics of the Russian Navy, the newest ships - strategic underwater cruisers and RPLNS - will be characterized by increased secrecy, low noise, perfect communication, and the use of robotics.

The tasks facing coastal forces

Recall that earlier we had already identified the main bases of the Russian Navy for all its fleets. However, the planned development of the fleet for the period up to 2050 will undoubtedly affect the Coast Guard. What are the main points in it that Chirkov sees as the commander-in-chief? Considering the bases of the Russian Navy in the process of their further strategic development, Victor Victorovich is betting on the completion of the creation of coastal missile systems, training and equipping the Marine Corps for tasks in the North.

Conclusion

Although the basis of the organizational structure of the Russian Navy will not change (4 fleets and 1 flotilla), diverse high-maneuverable strike forces will be created within their framework. In the key of their creation, successful development of unmanned vehicles, artificial intelligence systems, marine robot systems, non-lethal weapons continues.

Summing up the survey of the Russian fleet, we should pay special attention to the prospect of its renewal by ships IV, and then the V generation. At the same time, the basis of the power of the Navy after the implementation of the plan will be the submarine nuclear cruiser V generation. The principal increase in combat power will be accompanied by the improvement of control systems, the integration of the forces of the Navy into inter-service groups of forces in possible theaters of military operations.

At the end of our modest presentation of the Russian Navy - a photo of its nuclear flagship, the missile cruiser Peter the Great.