The main rule of transliteration in Russian

Few people know that if you need to use English letters to write Russian words, as is often done on the Web, you need to use the rule of transliteration. And it is not one at all and can be used in different situations.

Now transliteration is used most often on the Internet, in the absence of a Russian-language layout, or when creating documents that require the writing of names and surnames in English. But before you learn the rules of Russian transliteration, we will find out what the concept itself means.

The concept of

Transliteration - transfer of letters of the alphabet of one language, letters of the alphabet of another language. The rule of transliteration must be respected by all, so that, for example, the spelling of Russian words in English or Latin letters can be understood and read.

Now, as already mentioned, transliteration is used more often on the Internet. Users can meet on the forum post, written in Latin letters. Usually, those who do not have a Russian layout do this.

Unfortunately, not all, written so, it is understandable. Especially if a person is not familiar with the letters of Latin or English at all. But do not forget that the official rules of transliteration are just created so that the information was clear to everyone.

In addition, it is possible to use transliteration when entering the site. Especially if you want to register on a foreign language resource. In this case, you have to learn the rules of translit names and surnames.

Appearance history and use cases

Necessity of translit has appeared for a long time, even in the century before last. This is due to the fact that the books that were in the library, not all were translated into Latin, but it was necessary to compile an alphabetical index for simplified searches and catalogs. Then the development of transliteration rules for most languages began.

Of course, it is clear that the rule of transliteration in Russian does not have such an important value. But in other languages, you often have to use software that helps translate, for example, Latin letters into hieroglyphs. Agree that it is difficult to do this with a standard keyboard. And in the case of the Japanese language, it should have a huge functionality and an impressive number of keys.

Transliteration for the Japanese language is necessary because it is impossible to translate this or that word into English. This is due to a different number of sounds, and with a certain similarity in pronunciation, as well as with other facts.

Therefore, in order not to look for the rule of international transliteration, on the Internet you can find special online programs for the performance of transliteration. It is worth noting that many of today's Russian-language services build a special tab that allows you to automatically translate some letters into others.

Common rules

As already mentioned, the rules of transliteration in Russia do not have strict provisions. Therefore, for example, for the letter "I", several variants of writing in Latin letters can be used: "ya", "ja", "ia", "a", for "ж" you can use "zh", "j", "z" "," G ". But there are other letters that have only one variant of writing, "o" - "o", "r" - "r", "p" - "p", etc.

Gamersky transliteration

In addition to the above option, which is based on the similarity of pronunciation and sound, there is also another. In his case, one should rely on the visual similarity of writing. It so happened that this principle is used more in the world of gamers. Players love to playfully use nicknames, written Russian words in English. This is due to the fact that earlier, when the e-sports industry was not so developed, it was impossible to write a Russian nickname. Therefore, the guys invented a geyser translit.

In it, the sound similarity of symbols was excluded, but visually everyone could easily read the word. It's worth noting that gaming transliteration itself is difficult to create its masterpieces, although it is easy to understand. There must be a creative vein. Use this option is extremely inconvenient in SMS messages and emails.

Latin version

There is a standard that is responsible for the transliteration of Cyrillic letters into Latin letters. In Russia, this standard is GOST 16876-71. It can be used in the scientific field or in technical information. Moreover, this document is an assistant not only for Russia, but also for countries that use the Cyrillic alphabet: Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, Serbia, etc.

Transliteration in this way can be done in two ways. The first is the use of diacritical marks, the second is the combination of Latin letters. The first option uses letters that are not found on the standard keyboard, so its use will most likely require third-party program intervention.

The second option is similar to the one described above. Here, many combinations are predictable and understandable for everyone. For example, the letter "sh" is translated as "sh", and the letter "sh", as "shh". It is worth noting that the choice of one of the two versions of this standard will depend not on your mood, but on information bodies. They must determine this fact.

If it is necessary to use computer-readable media, then only the second variant with combinations of Latin letters is mandatory.

It should be noted that this standard was changed to GOST 7.79-2000, which began operating in 2002 and underwent minor changes. In turn, the first GOST has served since 1973.

International

The rules of the international transliteration were developed in 1951 and entered into force five years later. The Institute of Linguistics was engaged in forming the regulations. This format of the rules is quite complicated and, despite its similarity with the previous ones, has some clarifications. For example, the translit of the letter "e" can occur with the help of "e" or "je". The first option should be used after the consonants, the second option at the beginning of the word, after the vowels and soft and solid signs.

There are several such rules and they should be taken into account. Now, when the standard GOST 7.79-2000 has entered into force, the named system of rules is not applied, although it has a rather simple form.

Foreign passport of the Russian Federation

If you decide to apply for a foreign passport, you will have to carefully check the correctness of writing your name and surname in Latin letters. The reliability of the document will depend on this.

Not all citizens pay attention to how their name is spelled in Latin letters. When there is a question of registration of a foreign passport, immediately there are problems that could be avoided. Those who encountered this for the first time, are surprised at the absurd writing of their names in Latin letters, different from the English version.

Just do not panic or panic. Such a spelling has not been invented, it is created by a special program. When the inspector enters your data in Russian, the software itself translates the information. And the rule of transliteration is strictly observed in accordance with the standards established by law.

Of course, periodically in every country there are changes in such documents. Therefore, so that people do not mind and do not rack their brains, this task is entrusted to artificial intelligence. The computer translates the name and surname so that there are no questions.

It is worth noting that the rules for transliteration of names and names in Russia for a foreign passport have changed for the last time in 2015. Prior to that, the changes related to the topic in 2010. It is interesting that different departments of the FMS used different provisions. And since 2015, the international standard operates.

New Changes

The last changes touched only a couple of letters "i" and "ts", now they are translated as "I" and "TS", respectively. Also a value appeared for the letter "e" - "e". If these changes affect your name or surname, you should check the new spelling. You can do this without leaving home, on the Internet.

Site addresses

If you are a novice webmaster and have faced the problem of translating a URL, you should pay attention to what you need to know in this case. It is important to note that it is absolutely undesirable in this case to use the rules of the so-called vulgar translit. This is due to the fact that when creating an address it is necessary to achieve the maximum reliability and accuracy necessary for your site to correctly recognize search engines.

Therefore, to translate the URL, it is better to use the international rules of transliteration. Just remember that you have a character limit: [0-9], [az], [AZ], [_], [-]. If other characters are used, the address may not be displayed correctly.

Of course, many site designers have long relieved their users of manual changes and difficult decisions. Now they translate all the transliteration automatically. If there is no built-in system, you can use extensions.

If there are other difficulties, and you do not know the rules of transliteration of names or surnames, the Internet is full of Russian-language sites that perform online translation.