The main goal and goal of science

Science is a system of knowledge that is in continuous development. It explores the objective laws of nature, thinking, formation and activity of society. Knowledge is transformed into direct production resources.

Approaches to characterization

Science can be viewed in various aspects. It can be characterized as:

1. A specific form of public consciousness, based on a knowledge system.
2. The process of knowledge of the laws of the objective world.
3. A certain type of division of labor in society.
4. One of the key factors of social development.
5. The process of developing knowledge and their application in practice.

Science: the subject, objectives, goals

The knowledge obtained in the course of simple observations is undoubtedly of great importance for man. However, it will not disclose the essence of the phenomena, the connections between them, allowing to explain the causes of the occurrence of a particular phenomenon, with a certain degree of probability, to predict its subsequent development. The correctness of scientific knowledge is determined not only by logic. As a prerequisite is the verification of it in practice. What is the purpose of science? состоит в исследовании закономерностей природы и общества. It consists in studying the laws of nature and society. The results obtained are used to influence the environment for obtaining useful benefits. Each study has its own subject. феноменов для поиска ответов на поставленные вопросы. The purpose of science is to study phenomena in order to find answers to the questions posed. The problems formulated by the researcher are determined by the theme of cognition. науки реализуются поэтапно. The goals and tasks of science are implemented in stages. The research begins with the collection of facts, their analysis and systematization. Information is generalized, individual patterns are revealed. The obtained research results allow us to build a logically ordered system of knowledge. Based on this, some or other facts are explained, new ones are predicted. , таким образом, состоит в получении информации для описания существующей действительности, построения моделей перспективного ее развития. The main goal of science , therefore, is to obtain information for describing the existing reality, building models for its future development.

The process of cognition

достигается через переход от живого наблюдения к абстрактному мышлению и далее – к практике. The goal of science is achieved through the transition from living observation to abstract thinking and then to practice. The process of cognition presupposes, among other things, the accumulation of facts. At the same time, they must be systematized, generalized, and logically comprehended. . Without these actions, the goal of science can not be realized. The systematization and generalization of facts is carried out with the help of simple abstractions. They are concepts that are the key elements of science. Definitions that have a broader content are called categories. For example, they include concepts of the content and form of phenomena.

Elements

, любой ученый использует аксиомы, принципы, постулаты. Realizing the purpose of science , any scientist uses axioms, principles, postulates. They understand the starting positions of a certain direction of knowledge. They are considered the basic form of systematization. As the most important link in the system are laws. They reflect the most stable, significant, objective repetitive links in various phenomena (natural, social, etc.). As a rule, laws are presented in the form of a certain correlation of categories and concepts. One of the highest forms of generalization and systematization of information is theory. It is understood as scientific methods and principles that allow us to logically comprehend and know the processes, analyze the influence of various factors on them, and offer options for their use in practice.

Methods

They are methods of theoretical investigation or practical implementation of a particular phenomenon or process. – открыть и обосновать объективные законы реальности. The method is a key tool to achieve the goal of science - to discover and justify the objective laws of reality. Any theory, within the framework of which the nature of any processes is explained, is always associated with a particular particular method of investigation. Based on general and special methods, the scientist receives answers to the initial questions: how to start learning how to treat the facts, how to generalize them, how to come to conclusions. Today, the role of the quantitative method of investigating processes and phenomena becomes more important. This is due to the rapid development of computers, computational mathematics, cybernetics.

Hypotheses

They are used when the scientist has not enough material to achieve the ultimate goal of the study. Hypothesis is a reasonable assumption. It is formulated to explain the phenomenon and can be confirmed or disproved after verification. A hypothesis is often an initial description, a "draft version" of the law.

Connection with production

The development of science, the realization of its tasks, serves as a starting point for the revolutionization of practice. The results obtained during the research allow creating new branches of production. Science today acts as the driving force of society. This is due to the following factors. First of all, many types of production and technological operations originate in scientific research institutes. Formation of chemical technologies, nuclear energy, obtaining of specific materials is far from being a complete list of the advanced achievements of the research institute. Of no less importance is the shortening of the time between the immediate opening and the introduction of it into production. More recently, this gap could stretch for decades. Today, for example, several years have passed since the discovery of the laser and before its practical application. It is also worth mentioning that in the production sector research is developing quite successfully, the network of scientific and industrial establishments is expanding. The creative cooperation of scientists, workers, engineers became actual today. In addition, the professional level of the staff has dramatically increased. Employees of enterprises widely apply scientific knowledge in practice.

Types of research

Scientific activity , depending on the purpose, can be theoretical or applied. In the first case, the studies are focused on developing and formulating new principles. As a rule, they are called fundamental. Their goal is to expand the knowledge that society has. Fundamental research contributes to a deeper understanding of the laws of nature. Theoretical developments are used mainly in the further development of new directions of knowledge. Applied research is focused on the development of new methods of creating equipment, materials, technologies, etc. Their goal is to meet the needs of society in the development of a certain production sector.

Applied developments

They are short- and long-term, budgetary, etc. Their goal is to transform research into technical applications. The final result is the preparation of material for practical use. As a rule, special design bureaus, experienced, design manufactures are engaged in this. In this case, the work is done according to a certain scheme. At the initial stage, the topic is formulated. A certain scientific and technical question can serve as it. An important stage in the course of development is the substantiation of the topic. The final stage is the introduction of the results of the study and verification of their effectiveness.