The first days of a child's life. Care of a newborn

Each woman in childbirth is looking forward to the appearance of her baby, because the intense nine months internally exhausted her. Therefore, the first days of living together with a child for a mother are a kind of liberation. But, on the other hand, now the woman experiences painful sensations, which give her even more excitement.

Test of APAR

The woman understands that the child is too fragile, and how his body works, it's not easy to understand at once, but neonatologists will help evaluate the child's physical condition by conducting a professional test of APGAR. The assessment itself is conducted according to several main factors:

• Strength and nature of the cry of the newborn - makes it clear the work of the lungs, their state of disclosure;
• Palpitation and its frequency - shows the state of the circulatory system and blood circulation throughout the body;
• Skin, its shade and uniformity - allows to determine also the functioning of the circulatory system, small vessels and damage at the birth itself;
• Muscle tone - helps to assess the physical component, how the child is ready for an independent life;
• Reflexes - one of the most important factors on the testimony of which depends on how fully the newborn is.

It is the neonatologist who performs a thorough examination of the newborn, checking all reflexes, injuries and the presence of bruising or abrasions, which can significantly affect its further development. After the child passes into the hands of a skilled obstetrician who weighs a child, measures his height, the size of the head and chest. Then, for the prevention of conjunctivitis, the eyes of the newborn are treated with a solution (30%) of sodium sulfacyl.

First day

The first day after birth is the most responsible and requiring maximum attention from the medical staff and the very mother. In the delivery room, the child who has been examined is obliged to tie a bracelet with the exact data and the date of birth, after wrapping the baby in a blanket, tie an identical medallion with the same data, it is for them the baby will be taken by the nurse of the ward of the newborn. Before the transfer, a repeated procedure of scrupulous examination of the baby is carried out, if necessary, the umbilical remnant is processed and the baby is weighed.

Child Care Regulations

On the first day after childbirth, the mother of the child, the obstetrician explains in more detail the main principles of caring for the baby, gives vivid examples and shows how one can take a child and what not to do at all. Let's consider the basic rules:

1. It is necessary to wash the eyes very carefully, because the state of the mucosa depends on the purity of the mother's hands, the sterility of the tampons and water. Therefore, you need to prepare. Hands must be washed very thoroughly with good soap, water should be boiled, take tampons only sterile.
2. It is necessary to wash eyes only on one trajectory. Starting from the outer corner, slowly move to the bridge of the nose, not in the opposite direction, as do many adults.
3. For each eye, it is necessary to take a clean tampon every time, because washing one can lead to conjunctivitis.
4. Circumcision of marigolds should be carried out with special rounded at the tips of scissors. This is necessary not to damage or damage the fragile skin of the child.
5. On the first day of the baby, labored breathing can be observed, since the nasal passages are too small and postnatal mucus can accumulate in them. Rinsing should be carried out neatly twisted flagellum from sterile quality cotton wool.
6. The shell of the ear should be cleaned with special handy chopsticks. For each, you must use a new one.

The first days of the newborn are pretty full for the whole family, everyone tries to fill the world of the child with comfort and good, therefore the organization of everyday life is divided into several people. But experts advise many couples in advance to write down the duties of parents and relatives, so that conflict situations in the family were less and negative emotions did not spoil the atmosphere of the children's room.

Inspection

In the first days of life, the baby should examine the condition of the skin of the head, because in the process of passage through the birth canal (especially in the frail physique of parturient women), the baby can slightly deform the shape of the skull. Such changes are temporary, with the passage of time (three to four months) everything will recover and take on a natural appearance. Also, all the babies have unprotected places on the skull, which are popularly called fontanelles (the biggest one is just above the forehead) - their full recovery lasts up to 1.5 years of the baby.

The first two days for the baby are the most important. During this short period by human standards, the baby fully regulates the work of all organs, so the child with the mother is under constant supervision. Immediately after birth, in the case of a normal state of the child, it is neatly placed on the abdomen of the mother in childbirth. This is how the reunion process takes place, which is very important for the psychological rest of both. At such times the mother's brain reveals the necessary instincts, and the child feels peace, similar to the sensations in the womb.

Measurement of weight, height and temperature

After all the necessary procedures, the baby is transferred with the mother to the ward of the newborn. Healthy children are already examined by a pediatrician and a nurse, after which the baby is gently washed in clean warm running water using soap, then wiped scrupulously to completely remove moisture and at the same time bring the skin to sensation. In the first days of a newborn, weights are only measured in the morning, but temperature measurements two or three times (in the morning and in the evening, can be spent even during the day if the child's condition raises questions). All received data are recorded in the development history and passed to the head physician.

Washing

Before each feeding the procedure of washing the child under a stream of warm water is carried out. The procedure of washing consists of several stages:

• Careful washing of the face - so the child's organism is easily cleaned and accustomed to the environment;
• A careful rinse of the eye (in case the mucus canals are not fully opened, massage is also performed), ear shells and, if necessary, the nose (the body can be cleaned of water);
• Umbilical cord treatment.

Necessary things

To fully and evenly spend the first days in the maternity ward, mom and baby will need not so little. First, each family must find out the necessary standard list in the hospital, where the process of delivery and post-natal care will take place. Sufficient number of diapers, drinking clean water and diapers can be advised by both obstetricians and doctors, and by familiar mummies. All components of the newborn's first-aid kit are also recorded from an obstetrician or a nurse.

clothing

Clothes baby, especially in the first days after birth, should be spacious and super-soft, seams, decorative elements should not push or pull the baby's body. The material should be high-quality, breathable and maintain a smooth microclimate (do not allow overheating or cooling of the baby). If the room holds a constant temperature within 20-23 ° C, the child's head can not be covered with a cap, in other cases the cap is simply vital.

Space for the baby

When the child successfully passed the period of post-natal care in the maternity hospital and came with his mother home, he needed an equally scrupulous care. The first thing new parents need to worry about is the children's room where the baby will live. The room should be protected as much as possible from dust accumulators, such as good carpets, because in the early days the baby can react sharply to stale air, which can subsequently lead to allergies. The room should be prepared in advance, so that furniture and other objects move easily and do not obstruct the space for washing and daily wet cleaning.

Temperature and humidity

Many doctors talk about the need to maintain an even temperature regime, because your child is still in the womb used to exist in a monochromatic environment, and sharp changes will give freedom to microbes and viruses. Therefore, the optimal conditions are 20-22 ºС. Do not forget about the humidity of the air and the possible airing of the room without the presence of the baby (during walks).

Every mom tries to be as close to her baby's bed as possible in the first days, so you should think about this option. The cot should not be adjacent to the radiator, as many of the inexperienced parents bake. Overdried air will lead to kidney disease, the mucous membranes of the body only begin to adapt to the surrounding life, and dry air will lead to their cracking and infection with bacteria. The close location to the window is also not an option, especially for Soviet homes without insulated facades.

Advice

All furniture and home children's equipment is chosen, of course, by my mother. Day one in the home penates takes place in the adaptation to selected items and the arsenal of everyday use (baths, jars, clothes). Many choose a mattress for a crib too soft, worrying for the comfort of a child. But it is still necessary to give preference to more dense species, so the dorsal vertebrae will develop correctly in the child. The pillow is an extra while the subject of the berth. It is better to use a soft high-quality sheet and a fold folded diaper a couple of times.

Also in the room it is necessary to equip the changing table, as standard in the maternity ward. This manipulation helped at a time when the child had one day, why not abandon such a way of leaving in his home? On the table you can place a stack of necessary diapers, powder and other small things. The basis should be a dense blanket, so that the child does not put down anything, and he was completely safe.