Surge protection devices SPD: application, wiring diagram, operating principle

During a thunderstorm, the network often experiences impulse noise. They can also be observed with a breakdown of the transformer. To protect electrical equipment in the house using special devices SPD. They are installed in the flaps of different complete sets.

The difference in modifications lies in the magnitude of the output voltage, threshold frequency and conductivity parameters. The standard model consists of a block and contacts. Resistors are installed in different types. The modulator in the devices is connected to the transceiver. In this element there are conductors, and also a triode. In order to learn more about the SPD, the principle of the model operation should be considered.

Principle of operation

In the market there are various devices for protection from impulse overvoltages. The principle of their operation is based on a change in conductivity. For this, the device has contacts. Stabilization of the threshold frequency is carried out at the expense of the modulator. The triode plays the role of a conductor. When the voltage is applied to the output contacts, the current conductivity parameter changes. If we consider devices with an expander, then they have contacts mounted on the plate. Changing the position of the elements is due to the operation of the resistor.

Connection scheme for devices of the first degree

The first degree surge protection devices are suitable for the RV series. In this case, a transceiver is used to connect models. The output voltage on average should be 14 V. The conductivity parameter of the SPD depends on the type of resistors. As a rule, they are used with an amplifier. Clamps are used to connect the contacts. The threshold conductivity parameter is on average 4.5 microns.

Before connecting the SPD, the total resistance in the circuit is checked. The specified parameter for devices in the first series is 50 ohms. Also, modifications of this type are suitable for CP-type shields. They are installed in many apartment buildings. Connection to the shield is via the transceiver. The parameter of the total resistance in the circuit must not exceed 55 ohms. For the PD series, the device is not suitable because of the high conductivity of the current.

Applying modifications of the second degree

Devices for protection from impulse overvoltages of the second degree are devices that are connected to the flaps of the PP series. In this case, the connection is carried out by means of conductors. If we consider modifications on expanders, the modulators are used with an overlay. Before connecting the equipment, check the output voltage on the stabilizer. This parameter varies in the region of 13 V. The expander is used in a two-contact type.

If we consider the shields of the PP20 series, then they have an insulator installed. A grid triode is used to connect the SPD. Most often it is used on an operational amplifier. It is also important to note that in the shields of the PP21 series there are integral rectifiers. These elements are necessary for current conversion.

Protection devices of the third degree

Surge protection devices of the third degree are suitable for shields that use a transistor type diode. The equipment is obtained through a damper. Contacts for the connection are selected with a copper plate. The total resistance parameter should be about 40 ohms. If we consider the shields of the PP19 series, then the thyristor is used with an amplifier. In some cases, modifications are made with capacitor resistors.

Connection of elements of the specified type occurs with the adapter and without it. If we consider the first variant, varicaps are taken of a variable type. The average impedance is 30 ohms. If we consider the second variant, varicaps are allowed to use a variable type. The threshold of device overloading is about 3 A. It is also important to note that models use magnetic type filters.

Single-pole modifications of PH-101M

Unipolar surge protection devices - what is it? These devices are contact blocks that are suitable for AC networks. They are often connected to transformers that use a high-voltage relay. In homes, devices are rarely used. The difference between models is also in the rectifier. It is used on a damper basis. The average impedance is 22 ohms.

It is also important to note that the output voltage is about 200 V. Inside the device, contacts are used, as well as a modulator. Plates are most often installed in a horizontal position. The transceiver for connection is selected linear type. Many modifications are equipped with tetrodes. Transducers are used for their normal operation. Most often they are produced with a rectifier.

The scheme of connection of the two-pole modification RN-105M

Two-pole devices for protection against impulse surges can be connected via pentodes. The total resistance should be 40 ohms. It is also important to note that the contacts of the device are connected directly to the transistor. Many elements use a comparator. This element makes it possible to install a rotary regulator.

For the shields of the SR series, the model is suitable. In this case, the conductivity depends on the modulator of the SPD. If it is used as an integral type, then the above average is 2.2 μ. Also, models often have a duplex modulator. The conductivity parameter in the chain is on the average 3 μ.

Application of the ABB series

Devices for protection against surge voltages ABB are often installed in residential buildings. If you look at the shields of type PP, the connection of capacitors occurs through the expander. Directly the modulator is connected to the damper. In many cases, a rectifier is not required. If we consider the panel with the cover, then for the normal operation of the device a triode is used. This element is only able to work with a magnetic filter. The conductivity parameter in the circuit is about 4 microns. The total resistance is 40 ohms.

ZUBR D40 series devices

D40 Surge Arresters - What is it? These devices are blocks in which the contacts are located. They are suitable for shields that have an operating-type transceiver. The modulator to the instrument is connected via a comparator. The conductivity parameter is on average 5 microns. It is also important to note that the modulator is allowed to be connected without the lining. In some cases, a damper is used. This element acts as a stabilizer.

The transceiver in the shield is connected to the contacts. If we consider the shields of the PP20 series, it is important to note that they have an adapter. This element is often installed with a regulator. A surge capacitor is required to connect an SPD. This element should have a conductivity of 6 microns. The average impedance is 12 ohms.

ZUBR D42 Series Device Diagram

The use of surge protection devices of this series is very limited. For high-voltage transformers they are suitable. Contacts in the model are used with plates. Dampers are used to connect the device to high-voltage equipment. If we consider electrode modifications, then the connection is made by means of a triode. Also there are modifications with operational dampers. They have a phase-type regulator. For the shields of the PP series, this model is not suitable.

Application of ZUBR D45 series models

The device for protection against impulse overvoltages of this series is characterized by high conductivity. Contacts at it are established on plates. The varicap in this case is used with a lining. The filters in the model are of the wired type. For the shields of the PC series, the devices are suitable. The modulator is connected via a transistor. The total resistance parameter should be about 20 ohms. It is also important to pay attention to the output voltage.

If you use a damper, then this parameter is an average of 12 V. Also in the shields of the PC series often used dinistors. In this situation, the output voltage does not exceed 15 V. Also, the SPD of the specified series can be connected to the flaps of type PP19. In this case, the damper is of a multi-channel type. Dinistor is used without filters. The modulator is connected to the network via a transistor. The output conductivity parameter should be about 4 microns. The total resistance is about 40 ohms.

Devices of the TESSLA D32 series

The devices of this series are manufactured with pass-through modulators. Contacts at them are of mobile type. For devices of the PP20 series, this device is used frequently. The modulator is connected via an expander. Most often it is used with a converter. To solve the problems with increasing frequency, a tetrode is established.

If we consider the shields of the PP10 series, then they have a kenotron. The specified element is set to two or three outputs. In the first variant, the modulator of the device is connected via a damper. The parameter of the output conductivity is 3.3. The total resistance in the circuit is 30 ohms. If we consider the second option, then the SPD will require a dynistor.

The scheme of the device of the TESSLA D35 series

This is a compact and high voltage surge protection device. Scheme connection modification requires the use of a damper. If we consider shields of the type PP19, then it is applied electrode type. Dinistor is used with an overlay. Filters can be installed in a loop or network type. The SPD modulator is connected via an expander.

Also the device is suitable for the shields of the PP20 series. Comparators in them are of a variable type. The modulator is then connected to the zener diode. The output conductivity parameter is 3.5 μm on the average. The total resistance is about 45 ohms.

Application of models of the TESSLA D40 series

The surge protection device (SPD) of this series is suitable for transformers with a resistor installed. The modulator is connected to the equipment via a damper. Most often, the filters are of a through type. The output conductivity is an average of 3 microns. The parameter of the total resistance does not exceed 55 ohms. Transistors in the devices of this series are used without plates. In total, the model has three pairs of contacts. The output connector is located at the bottom of the structure. For the shields of the PP series, the model is not suitable.

Devices of the VC-115 series

The device for protection against impulse overvoltage (SPD) of the specified series is connected without a lining. For shields type PP20 the model is suitable. The modulator can be connected via a damper or a dynistor. The first option requires a rectifier. The filter is of the through type. To increase the threshold frequency, you need a rectifier. If we consider a circuit with an expander, then it is possible to normalize the output frequency only due to capacitors. The output conductivity parameter is on the average 4 μ. The total resistance in the circuit is 40 ohms.

Schematic diagram of VC-122 series instrument

The surge protection and interference protection device of this series is suitable for step-down transformers. Also, the model is actively used in the shields of the PC series. First of all, it is important to note that the model uses a high-voltage modulator. The parameter of the output conductivity is 2 m. For the RS19 shields, the model is suitable. The modulator in this case is connected through an overlay.

Filters are allowed to be used only through type. If we consider the shields of the PC20 series, then they have a damper. The expander for connection is of a magnetic type. It is also important to note that reducing transformers of 200 V can not be applied.