Statics is ... Theoretical mechanics, statics

Statics is the science of methods for quantifying the force of interaction between bodies. These forces are responsible for maintaining balance, moving bodies or changing their shape. In everyday life, you can see many different examples every day. Movement and changes in shape are crucial for the functionality of both artificial and natural objects.

The concept of statics

The foundations of statics were laid more than 2200 years ago, when the ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes and other scientists of that time were studying the reinforcing properties and the invention of simple mechanisms such as a lever and an axis. Statics is a section of mechanics that deals with forces that act on bodies at rest under conditions of equilibrium.

This is a section of physics that makes possible the analytical and graphical procedures necessary to determine and describe these unknown forces. The section "statics" (physics) plays an important role in many branches of engineering, mechanical, civil, aviation and bioengineering, which deal with various consequences of forces. When the body is at rest or moving at a uniform speed, then this is the field of physics. Static is the study of the body in equilibrium.

The methods and results of this section of science have proved particularly useful in the design of buildings, bridges and dams, as well as cranes and other similar mechanical devices. To be able to calculate the sizes of such structures and equipment, architects and engineers must first determine the forces that act on their interconnected parts.

Axioms of statics

Statics is a branch of physics that studies the conditions under which mechanical and other systems remain in a certain state that does not change with time. This section of physics is based on five basic axioms:

1. A solid is in a state of static equilibrium, if two forces of the same intensity act on it, lie on the same line of action and are directed in opposite directions along the same line.
2. A solid body will be in a static state until it is affected by external forces or a system of forces.
3. The equator of two forces acting at the same material point is equal to the vector sum of the two forces. This axiom obeys the principle of vector summation.
4. Two interacting bodies react on each other with two forces equal in intensity in opposite directions along one line of action. This axiom is also called the principle of action and reaction.
5. If the deformable body is in a state of static balance, it will not be disturbed if the physical body remains in the solid state. This axiom is also called the principle of solidification.

Mechanics and its sections

Physics, translated from Greek (physikos - "natural" and "physics" - "nature") literally means science that deals with nature. It covers all the known laws and properties of matter, as well as the forces acting on it, among them gravitation, heat, light, magnetism, electricity and other forces that can change the basic characteristics of objects. One of the branches of science is mechanics, which includes such important subsections as statics and dynamics, as well as kinematics.

Mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of forces, objects or bodies that are at rest or in motion. This is one of the largest subjects in the field of science and technology. Problems in statics include the study of the state of bodies under the influence of various forces. Kinematics is a branch of physics (mechanics), which studies the movement of objects regardless of the forces that cause motion.

Theoretical mechanics: statics

Mechanics is a physical science that considers the behavior of bodies under the influence of forces. There are 3 categories of mechanics: absolutely rigid body, deformable bodies and liquid. A solid body is a body that does not deform under the action of forces. Theoretical mechanics (statics - part of the mechanics of an absolutely rigid body) also includes dynamics, which, in turn, is divided into kinematics and kinetics.

The mechanics of the deformed body deals with the distribution of forces inside the body and the deformations caused in this connection. These internal forces cause certain stresses in the body, which ultimately can lead to a change in the material itself. These issues are studied in the course of resistance on materials.

Fluid mechanics is a mechanics section that deals with the distribution of forces within liquids or gases. Fluids are widely used in engineering. They can be classified as incompressible or compressible. Areas of application are hydraulics, aerospace and many others.

The concept of dynamics

Dynamics deals with strength and movement. The only way to change the movement of the body is to use force. Along with the power of dynamics, he studies other physical concepts, among which are: energy, momentum, collision, center of gravity, torque and moment of inertia.

Statics and dynamics are completely opposite states. Dynamics is the doctrine of bodies that are not in equilibrium, and there is acceleration. Kinetics deals with the study of forces that cause motion, or forces that arise as a result of movement. In contrast to such a notion as statics, kinematics is the doctrine of the motion of the body, in which the fact is not taken into account exactly how the motion is made. Sometimes it is called the "geometry of motion".

Kinematics

Kinematic principles are often used to analyze position determination, speed and acceleration in different parts of equipment during its operation. Kinematics considers the motion of a point, body and system of bodies without considering the causes of motion. Motion is described by a vector of quantities, such as displacement, velocity and acceleration, along with a reference frame. Various problems in kinematics are solved using the equation of motion.

Mechanics - statics: fundamental quantities

The history of mechanics has more than one century. The basic principles of statics were developed long ago. All sorts of levers, inclined planes and other principles were necessary in times of early civilizations to construct, for example, such huge structures as pyramids.

The fundamental quantities in mechanics are length, time, mass and force. The first three are called absolute, independent of each other. Force is not an absolute value, because it is related to mass and speed changes.

Length

Length is a value that is used to describe the position of a point in space relative to another point. This distance is called the standard unit of length. The standard standard unit for measuring length is a meter. This standard was formed and improved over many years. Initially, it was one ten millionth part of the earth's surface quadrant, with which it was rather difficult to make measurements. October 20, 1983, the meter was defined as the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum for 1 / 299,792,458 seconds.

Time

Time is a certain interval between two events. The standard standard unit of time is the second. The second was originally defined as 1 / 86.4 of the average period of revolution of the Earth around its axis. In 1956, the definition of the second was improved and amounted to 1 / 31,556 of the time required for the total turnover that the Earth makes around the Sun.

Weight

Mass is a property of matter. It can be considered as the amount of substance contained in the body. This category determines the impact of gravity on the body and resistance to changes in motion. This resistance to change in motion is called inertia, which is the result of body weight. The common unit of mass is a kilogram.

Force

Power is a derivative unit, but a very important block in the study of mechanics. It is often defined as the action of one body on another, and may or may not be the result of direct contact between bodies. Gravitational and electromagnetic forces are examples of the result of such an impact. There are two principles of influence, forces that tend to change the motion of the system and which tend to deform it. The basic unit of force is Newton in the SI system and the pound in the English system.

Equations of equilibrium

Statics suggests that the subjects in question are absolutely solid. The sum of all the forces acting on the body at rest should be zero, that is, the participating forces balance each other and there should be no tendency for forces capable of turning the body around any axis. These conditions are independent of each other, and their expression in mathematical form is the so-called equilibrium equations.

There are three equilibrium equations, and therefore only three unknown forces can be calculated. If there are more than three unknown forces, this means that the components in the structure or machine are somewhat larger than required to support certain loads, or that there are more restrictions than necessary to keep the body from moving.

Such unnecessary components or constraints are called redundant (for example, a table on four legs has one redundant), and the force system is statically indeterminate. The number of equations available in the statics is limited, since any solid remains rigid under any conditions, regardless of shape and size.