Specially protected natural area. Types of PAs and their purpose

On the territory of the Russian Federation all natural lands are subject to protection, regardless of their destination. But there are territories that are protected especially carefully.

They include:

1. Land plots where the cultural, natural or historical heritage of specially protected areas is located (OOT).
2. Lands and wildlife of specially protected natural areas (PAs).

What is the difference?

CBOs are lands of any value, whether historical, cultural or natural.

Lands of specially protected natural areas (PAs) are, in fact, a type of CBO. This is the bowels bearing a rich natural value.

Why allocate ZOOPT

In view of the fact that there are natural zones where many rare plants grow or unique animals are found, it was decided to take them under special control.

Because of the threat of mass destruction of vegetation or animals in such places, hunting, agro-cultural activities and, even more so, deforestation and the erection of residential buildings are prohibited. The concept of specially protected natural areas contains not only land, but also water bodies and airspace.

Thanks to such efforts, people were able to preserve and even increase the number of individuals of the Amur tiger, mountain wolf, Amur gorale. Also, such plants were preserved, initially subjected to mass collection, like rhodiola rosea, juniper vulgaris, European bathing suit and even lily of the valley.

Protected Natural Land: Description

A specially protected natural area is not only land, but also water bodies, and even air space above them, where there are unique natural objects in need of protection.

Such terrain is a national property and can not be sold to a private person or leased.

All activities on these lands, with the exception of studying, preserving and multiplying the specimens located there, are prohibited. For the normal functioning of vital activity, a specially protected natural area implies the absence, even within reach, of harmful emissions, a ban on the construction of industrial plants. All activities that negatively affect natural objects of protected areas are prohibited.

The boundaries of protected lands are necessarily indicated by special signs.

Types of specially protected natural areas

With the various features of natural objects, their status and the presence on the territory of erected buildings, protected areas are divided into certain types and categories.

1. Natural state parks.
2. Natural untouched nature reserves.
3. Monuments of wildlife.
4. National parks.
5. Arboretum and botanical gardens.
6. Medical and health resorts.

In a certain locality local government decrees can also establish other categories of specially protected natural territories - it is a kind of subspecies of the territory, characterized by certain features.

Regardless of the status of the land (all-Russian or local significance), the rules for using it do not differ.

Specially protected natural areas of Russia are subject to preservation and augmentation. All activities carried out on these lands are permitted only in view of this requirement.

Primordial nature reserve

The reserve is a specially protected natural area, which is characterized by the pristine nature. Here everything is not touched by the hand of man and is in such a state as Mother Nature created.

The main purpose of the reserves is to preserve the so-called sample of how nature should look. With this in mind, scientists compare and identify the harm done to it by mankind.

All biologists understand how important it is to keep even a small insect and prevent the animals and plants from disappearing. After all, then a whole food chain is broken, and the problems of overabundance of some species and the disappearance of other natural objects begin.

To make the land a natural reserve, it must meet a number of requirements:

• To be affected as little as possible by civilization.
• Have on its territory unique plants and rare species of animals.
• The earths have self-regulation and are not subject to self-destruction.
• They have a rare landscape.

It is the reserves that are a traditional species and are allocated to the specially protected natural areas of Russia as an example of intactness and identity.

At the time of 2000, 99 reserved zones were allocated in the Russian Federation. On their territory, they carry out scientific research, educational and ecological work.

Monuments of nature

These are unique natural objects that can not be recreated with the help of human efforts.

Such natural objects can be in federal jurisdiction or regional. Everything depends on the value of the natural monument.

As a rule, such objects are referred to the regional domain. They are, in fact, the pride of the region where they are located.

Today there are 28 such nooks of nature of federal importance, they occupy an area of more than 19 thousand hectares.

The regional unique natural corners are much larger, and they are subdivided into species:

1. Biological, including interesting plants and animals.
2. Hydrological - this is a kind of water reservoirs and rare aquatic plants and animals.
3. Geological - include the unique natural resources of the earth.
4. Complex - the corners of nature, combining two or more types of rare natural objects.

Nature reserves

Natural reserves are a specially protected natural area where endangered plants and animals are subject to conservation and restoration.

It happens that the land is declared a natural reserve, and it belongs to a private person on lease. In this case, the issue of the withdrawal or abandonment of the lease is decided, taking into account the activities carried out by the owner in the given territory.

Reserves as specially protected natural territories have different meanings:

1. Landscaping - created to restore natural complexes.
2. Biological - in their territories, biologists try to preserve and multiply endangered animals and plants.
3. Paleontological - here especially protected by fossil objects.
4. Hydrological - based on the preservation of water bodies, lakes and water bodies.

National parks

This meaning is embedded in the concept of lands with a special natural, aesthetic or cultural value. National parks are used for scientific observations, as well as organize cultural recreation for people.

The entire world community has recognized the tremendous benefits of creating such nature conservation areas.

In the Russian Federation there are three national parks included in the World Cultural Heritage. Two of them - Trans-Baikal and Pribaikalsk - are also included in a special protected area of Lake Baikal.

Arboretums and botanical gardens

Recently, arboretums are actively growing and expanding. This is due to the development of resort areas and the emergence of an increasing number of health facilities operating in an environmentally friendly environment.

Botanical gardens are designed to preserve the rarest and endangered species of plants. In addition, various experiments are conducted there to protect endangered species.

Arboretums are used for educational purposes. On their territory, they conduct cognitive excursions, telling and showing people all kinds of strange trees, bushes and grass.

In addition to educational tasks, arboretums pursue the goal of breeding and preserving the beauty of Russian nature, which can only be imprinted in the area.

As can be seen, there are many protected areas, all have different names, but the goals of specially protected natural areas are almost identical - preservation and augmentation of natural objects, observation of the natural course of events, scientific and educational activities.