Single-line power supply scheme: principles of construction

The single-line power supply scheme is designed to be able to understand how the main components of the circuit are located and what is the order of their connection. In this case, the main markings and types of electrical equipment, their manufacturer and some parameters are most often reflected in single-line diagrams.

The single-line electrical scheme of power supply serves for clarity and allows you to understand the general principle of the circuit. As a rule, such a scheme is necessary at the first stages of working with equipment.

According to GOST for the preparation of design documentation for the installation and adjustment of electrical equipment, each scheme must have a stamp, with each RU having its own parameters, which must be indicated in the drawing. These parameters include: COS φ, the type of cable used, power and current. If the circuit is performed with electrical cabinets, then their location should be indicated on a single-line diagram, in addition, remote control is used today to control modern disconnectors at the switchgear. It can be output to the SDU, or remain close to the actuator, while the button is displayed separately from the disconnector. The single-line power supply diagram should also reflect their location.

The length of the cables and the layout of their layouts are reflected with an accuracy of one meter. Thus, the contractor understands the overall picture and estimates the scope of the forthcoming works.

The electrical scheme should be the type and location of the meters, as well as the loss of electricity during transmission through the transmission line. The scheme and data are fixed by the engineer's signature for the development of this document.

Before the single-line scheme of electricity supply of a residential house goes to production, it passes a series of approvals. At the same time, it can be compiled only by a specialist with a permit from the SRO. The company for the production of these schemes must be a participant of the SRO. If the sample scheme is created without the necessary tolerance, then it can not be considered by competent authorities.

The implementation of a single-line scheme is a responsible step, on how it is composed depends on whether the energy will be spent economically. For example, it is known that the total load is inductive in nature, as often consumers are engines, power supplies and transformers. Thus, COS φ decreases, which leads to a huge power consumption. To avoid this, a single-line power supply scheme is performed with capacitor banks. Since the reactance vectors of the coil and capacitor are counter-directed, they compensate each other, thus excluding their influence on power, COS φ is increased, and production saves money.

However, a single-line power supply scheme can include capacitor banks only when appropriate. For example, this approach is not rational for providing small areas with electric power, because the resistance is predominantly active, but if there are large factories, factories or some other production in the district, condenser batteries are simply necessary.

Developers of electrical circuits should carefully study the place where the replacement of power supply circuits is planned, and draw the right conclusions.