Previously, everything was easier: a graduate of the school received a certificate of maturity and was considered a person who received a secondary education. It was basic for continuing studies. Young people wishing to gnaw granite science, could enter the vocational schools, technical schools and universities. The first two types of educational institutions issued diplomas on the average special, and the last - on completed higher education. However, now the situation has changed somewhat. A candidate for a position is a bachelor. "Is this higher education or not?" The employer thinks. The question, at least in Russia, is somewhat confusing. We will try to understand it.
In countries that are included in the so-called Bologna Process, a bachelor's degree is the lowest academic degree awarded to students who have mastered certain academic programs at a university. As a rule, they defended the final work before the State Attestation Commission and received the corresponding diploma. Bachelor qualification allows such a person to continue education. And after graduating, he can become a master.
It would seem that everything remains the same. Bachelor is a young specialist with a higher education completed . And the master is a person who has passed postgraduate studies and defended his thesis. In the countries of the European Union and America, the vast majority of college and college graduates enter adulthood and find work with a bachelor's degree. Only magicians who are planning to engage in scientific research or, in turn, become university teachers, go to the magistracy. However, the western employer knows that the bachelor competitor sitting in front of him has gnawed science in the college for at least four years (and the medic is 5-6 years old). Thus, the baccalaureate "there" is a full-fledged higher education.
In Russia, a bachelor is a university student who, after secondary school, has been disaccustomed to four years. And after the vocational school or technical school - three or 3,5, depending on the form of training. However, as is known, in Russian universities or institutes students pass five courses. Thus, the two-tier system introduced in 2011 suggests that the first four years the student masters only general disciplines. Only in the fifth year a person chooses a narrow professional orientation in a given direction. This is the so-called specialty. "Bachelor of Psychology" is one example of a graduate of a university. There is another option. "Specialist of family psychology" is an example of the second type of student training.
In diplomas that are given to such graduates, in black and white, it is indicated that a bachelor is a higher education completed . The document also notes the profile (direction) of such a young specialist: jurisprudence, economics, management. However, this student received only initial skills of mastery. This has its pros and cons. Of course, four years is not five years, and the bachelor in this significantly loses specialty, and especially the master. But, on the other hand, a bachelor is a person who is not "fixated" on any one very narrow specialty. He can find employment in all branches of professional activity that require higher education. And then the bachelor, focusing on the needs of the employer organization, is able to hone his skills, having received a second education in two or two and a half years.