Rectifiers: the principle of operation, circuit

A rectifier is a device that is designed to convert a current. Many models are installed with filters. The scope of rectifiers is very wide. They are actively used in power units, substations, as well as welding machines.

First of all, the models are divided into phases. There are two-phase as well as three-phase modifications. Bridge devices are manufactured exclusively for converters. By power, power elements are extracted, as well as signal models. By the presence of stabilization devices, they are divided into full-wave, incomplete, two-period and transformer modifications. In order to understand the rectifiers, it is necessary to consider the circuit of the conventional model.

Rectifier circuit

The current rectifier circuit includes conductors with different conductivity currents. Also devices use channels. Electronic valves are installed in different sensitivities. If we consider bridge modifications, then they use zener diodes. Diode devices are also on the market.

Operating principle

The operating principle of the rectifier is based on the current conversion. This process is carried out by changing the frequency. For this purpose, the device has an electronic valve. To stabilize the conversion process, channels are used. To avoid problems with negative polarity, zener diodes are installed. Direct connection of the device is carried out through conductors.

Power devices

Current rectifiers of this type are used in various power supplies. Most often they can be found in personal computers. The device circuit assumes the use of a vector transistor. If we consider a two-channel modification, then the connection is through the expander.

Some devices use tetrodes. If we consider the three-channel elements, then they are calculated for power supplies at 20 V. In this case, tetrodes are never used. The principle of rectifiers is based on frequency variation. Many modifications are sold with electronic valves. If we talk about the parameters, then the sensitivity of the device fluctuates around 23 mV. The current conductivity of the models does not exceed 2 microns.

Principle of operation of signal rectifiers

The rectifiers operate on feedback. Models can only be used in AC networks . If we consider devices at 12 W, it should be noted that the filters are only half duplex type. Also, the standard rectifier circuit involves the use of a transistor with a receiver.

Three-channel models necessarily use triggers. These devices are installed through insulators. The output voltage of the models, as a rule, does not exceed 20 V. Power electronics at the rectifiers allowed to solve the problem with voltage drops due to the installation of diode bridges.

Bridge devices

Bridge rectifiers are sold for power supplies and converters. There are devices in the network with alternating current. The frequency is directly changed by the expander. The specified element in the rectifier plays the role of a conductor. In some cases, it is installed with insulators. On the protection system, bridge rectifiers are quite different.

If we consider modifications to three channels, then they use triggers. These elements can be installed with or without an overlay. Modifications to the four channels are very rare. The current conductivity of the rectifiers does not exceed 40 microns. In this case, the sensitivity of the device is 2.5 microns.

Two-phase modifications

Two-phase rectifiers are produced for vehicles. Models operate on the principle of frequency variation. This process can be implemented at the expense of an expander or trigger. Most often, the models are found without tetrodes. The maximum overload parameter for modifications does not exceed 6 A. Filters are usually used as a wired type.

If we consider the modifications to three channels, then they have a two-bit trigger. The index of its sensitivity is no more than 3 microns. In turn, the output voltage is a maximum of 35 V. Power electronics in two-phase devices has made it possible to solve the problem with overloads of voltage due to the use of diode motows.

Three-phase models

Three-phase rectifier can be met only in transformer substations. Devices operate from high-voltage couples. In this case, the working principle of the model is built up by a sharp increase in the frequency. The parameter of the output voltage remains unchanged. The models are produced on three and four channels. They connect through conductors.

Three-phase rectifier for three channels is available with tetrodes. In some cases, expanders are used to stabilize the conversion process. Speaking about rectifiers for four channels, it is important to note that they are always produced with amplifiers. In this case, the current conductivity index lies within 70 microns. The rectifier's sensitivity is no more than 4.2 mV.

Full-wave devices

The full-wave voltage rectifier works by reversing the polarity on the expanders. Transistors are usually used in an open type. These devices are suitable for transducers of 20 and 30 V. The sensitivity parameter is 3 mV directly. In turn, the current conductivity is in the region of 4.5 microns.

If we talk about modifications to three channels, they are installed only in power supplies with amplifiers. Filters for rectifiers are suitable mainly in the expansion type. If we talk about devices on four channels, then their current conductivity index lies in the region of 3 microns. For transformer substations, the models are not suitable.

Non-Wave Modifications

The incomplete wave rectifiers differ in the absence of an electronic valve. Elements with only two channels are produced. The modification is directly connected via the contacts. Insulators are used with or without an overlay. In some cases, amplifiers are used.

It is also important to note that rectifiers of this type are installed in the controllers. As a rule, the output voltage parameter does not exceed 30 V. On average, the sensitivity of the devices is 75 mV. In this case, the conductivity of the current depends on the type of filters used.

Single-period modifications

Single-period rectifiers are produced for different receivers. A distinctive feature of the elements is considered to be a high conductivity parameter of the current. Devices operate from reverse polarity. The models are produced on two and three channels. If we consider the first option, it is important to note that the conductors are used with an overlay. In this case, dilators are rarely installed. The parameter of conductivity of the current in the rectifiers fluctuates around 3 μ.

If we talk about devices on three channels, they are always available with tetrodes. Also, the modification scheme implies the use of modulators. For low-frequency receivers, these rectifiers are ideal. In this case, the sensitivity is not more than 60 mV.

Scheme of two-period devices

The two-period rectifier of a current of 220 In is made for transformation of a current from drive devices. In this case, the process occurs by changing the frequency of the voltage. Expanders for models are used, as a rule, open type. If we talk about the modification to two channels, then they use the distribution filters. In some cases, triggers are set. To connect devices to drive units, field- type transistors are required. They are produced with different capacities. As a rule, modifications on 20 pF are presented in the market.

Features of transformer devices

The transformer rectifier (electric energy converter) is able to operate in a network with direct and alternating current. In this case, the triggers are of the three-digit type. Conductors are used to connect devices. You can meet transformer rectifiers at substations. These devices are designed for high output voltage.

The protection system is installed with chromatic filters. In this case, the sensitivity parameter lies within 80 mV. For drive mechanisms, these devices do not fit uniquely. The current reducibility index of them is 20 microns. Triggers for chains are selected both open and closed. On average, the threshold overload parameter is at the level of 5 A.

Models with voltage multiplication

Rectifiers of this type are currently used in converters. The standard modification scheme includes a valve, as well as transistors. On average, their capacity is 2 pF. The conductivity of the current is not more than 3 microns.

If we talk about modifications to two channels, then they use expanders. They are installed both open and closed type. Many models have regulators. If we talk about rectifiers for four channels, then they are produced with modulators. For their work, various triggers are used. Most often they occur three-digit type.

Modifications with galvanic isolation

Devices with galvanic isolation work according to the principle of frequency reduction. They are connected only from the network with alternating current. In this case, the transistors are set to 20 pF. Directly the sensitivity indicator is equal to 88 mV. If we talk about modifications to three channels, then they use pulse modulators. In many models, there are protective systems that help cope with overloads. Filters are used with radiation tetrodes.