Parodont - what is it? Periodontal disease

Parodont is a collection of tissues that surround the tooth. Each component of this complex complex performs certain functions, thereby keeping the teeth in the bone, and also preserving their integrity. What is the peculiarity of its structure?

Classification of periodontium

Do not forget that this is a complex of tissues. What does the periodontium consist of? This is a variety of tissues that provide not only food, but maintain the integrity of the teeth. This complex includes:

• gum,
• Bone tissue of the alveoli (together with the periosteum),
• periodontium,
• Tooth (cement, dentin, tooth root, pulp).

To understand the structure of periodontium, you should carefully consider each of the tissues.

What is the gum

First of all, the gum is the tissue, which includes the periodontium. It affects the health and dental health. The gum refers to a group of chewing mucous membranes. Such tissues surround the surface of the teeth and represent a kind of barrier that prevents all kinds of infections from getting inside.

The upper layer of the gum is a layer of flat, cornified epithelium. As for the inner part, it is a transition into a shell. It is often called the marginal zone of the hard palate. Outside, the gum is in contact with the mucosa, which covers the alveolar process of the jaw. This feature of the structure of this part of the periodontium allows you to quickly repair the tissue after chemical, physical or mechanical damage.

The gum is fixed in the underlying bone. These periodontal tissues are immobile and have a large number of ligaments capable of performing many functions.

Bone

Periodontal tissues perform many functions. The complex also includes the alveolar process of the jaw. It is based on a bone substance that covers the inner and outer walls with layers, like plates. Between them, in turn, is a substance that has a spongy structure. It hides many vessels, nerves and canals.

It should be noted that such an osteal base of the teeth performs important functions and provides the periodontal tissues with the necessary substances. In addition, the alveolar process of the jaw is interconnected with other components of the periodontal disease.

Periodontium, cement, tooth enamel

Periodontitis is one of the connective tissues, of which the periodontium is composed. These are specific fibers and cells, blood and lymph vessels, as well as nerves. Periodontium is located between the alveolar process of the jaw and teeth. This fabric allows you to adjust the load on the teeth.

As for cement, it is a tissue of teeth, which in its structure is very similar to bone. Its main difference is the absence of certain cell elements. The main function of cement - the binding effect of all tissues of teeth.

Enamel is one of the most resistant parts. It is she who takes on the main burden when chewing and grinding food. A high index of strength of this tissue is achieved due to specific enamel prisms, which consist of connective fiber and hydroxyapatite.

Dentin and pulp

Dentin is another component of periodontium. It is a fabric with a solid structure. Dentin is covered with tooth enamel and cement. It should be noted that this fabric contains less minerals. Therefore, the dentin is inferior to tooth enamel in hardness. Inside this tissue is a pulp.

What is it? Pulp is a soft tissue. It feeds on the teeth. The pulp consists, as a rule, of connecting elements, vessels and nerves. It protects against the multiplication of microorganisms parodont. This is another function that the pulp performs. It should be noted that this tissue is involved in the formation of dentin.

What does the parodontium perform?

Periodontal tissues perform a variety of functions, among which is:

• Plastic;
• Trophic;
• Barrier;
• Damping.

Plastic function

Due to this function, periodontal tissues possess such property as systematic restoration. In addition, cells are regularly updated. Similar processes are carried out due to fibroblasts, osteoblasts, cementoblast and other elements.

Trophic function

In this case, we are talking about reflex regulation of pressure when grinding food. This is due to the specific structure of periodontium. The extent to which this ability of tissues is developed directly depends on the capillaries and nerve receptors that intertwine and create something like networks.

Barrier function

According to experts, the effectiveness of this function affects the condition of periodontal disease, as well as the presence of certain diseases of the gums and other tissues. Protective effect can reduce the low antibacterial properties of the epithelium, as well as its ability to keratinize. In addition, the structure of the gum affects the ability to perform this function.

It is worth noting that human saliva also helps to minimize the penetration of pathogens into the body. After all, its composition includes a variety of biologically active components of a different spectrum of action and origin. Such substances include leukocytes, enzymes and immunoglobulin.

Depreciation function

The pathology of the periodontium can reduce the effectiveness of this function. It should be noted that in the process of chewing food, the neurovascular ligaments, as well as the alveoli, are constantly subjected to minor damage. Complex periodontal can significantly reduce the load. This is due to the cells and cracks that lie between the tissues.

Parodontal integrity plays an important role. The health of the organism as a whole depends on the state of the system in question. It is for this reason that it is necessary to visit the dentist regularly and monitor the condition of the teeth.

Periodontitis and gingivitis

Diseases of periodontal disease - a fairly common phenomenon. In this case, the pathological process can be of a tumor, inflammatory or dystrophic nature. Most often, there are such ailments as periodontitis and gingivitis. These are inflammatory processes that occur in the tissues of periodontal disease. Their main difference is in localization. In the case of gingivitis, the inflammatory process affects only the tissues of the gingival margin, affecting only the upper tissues of the gum. As for periodontitis, it involves all periodontal structures. A similar disease is characterized by progressive destruction of the alveolar processes of the jaws and destruction of the dentogingival connective tissues.

In fact, these ailments are interrelated forms of one disease. After all, the inflammation initially begins in the tissues of the gums. Only after some time, cells of the alveolar process and dentogingival ligaments are affected.

Periodontitis prepubertata

Similar periodontal diseases occur in childhood with the presence of not only permanent, but also dairy teeth. The reason for the rapid and early development of the disease is the defect of general immunity. Treatment of this disease is, as a rule, reduced to thorough antimicrobial control. However, as practice shows, you can achieve a positive result by eliminating the defect of immunity by taking certain medications.

Juvenile focal parodontitis

This is a specific disease of periodontal tissue, in which only partial damage to the supporting apparatus of the first permanent teeth is noted. This ailment is caused by microorganisms, called Actinomycetes comitans. This bacteria is actinomycins. Most often, juvenile focal periodontitis occurs in children whose parents are carriers of these microorganisms.

This disease is often accompanied by a minimal inflammatory process. It is worth noting that the microorganisms that cause the disease, are able to suppress the protective reactions of the immune system. Antibodies in such situations simply do not have time to form. Despite this, the disease rarely accompanies a person throughout life. The destruction of permanent teeth in children is rare, as the specific antibodies gradually accumulate and manage to completely form.

What therapy is prescribed

Treatment of periodontal tissues with juvenile focal periodontitis is carried out by taking antibiotics. Such therapy lasts for 3 weeks, but not more. In this case, local intervention is carried out. Reception of antibiotics in this case is simply necessary, since pathogenic microorganisms initially inhabit the dentogingival groove, and eventually the periodontal pocket. In addition, bacteria penetrate deep into bone structures and soft tissues, where their resistance to drugs increases.

Drug-resistant and rapidly progressive periodontitis

These periodontal diseases are caused by a certain microflora Actinomycetes comitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis or Prevotella intermedia. However, most often a combination of several. In such situations, microorganisms only strengthen each other's actions, thus causing not only the destruction of tissues, but also the suppression of the protective functions of the immune system.

The treatment of these ailments comes down to carefully processing the periodontal pockets, as well as in antimicrobial therapy, which lasts from 3 to 4 weeks. At the end, patchwork operations are carried out. This type of surgical therapy is performed only after a full course of antibiotics. Otherwise, treatment will be ineffective.

Verify the correctness of the prescribed therapy can only be done by microbiological analysis of tissue biopsies and the contents of the periodontal pocket.

What is periodontal disease?

Timely diagnosis of periodontal disease can reveal many diseases at the initial stage. Many people suffer from such a disease as periodontal disease. At the heart of this ailment are atrophic-destructive processes occurring in soft tissues. At the same time, the disease proceeds slowly enough and has few symptoms. The main reason for the development of periodontal disease has not been established.

What happens to the tissues? With this disease, there is a cosmetic defect: exposing the roots of the tooth. Most often, patients complain that the gums in some places began to settle. Visually, the teeth become longer. Often patients are concerned about the itching in the gums. Also, there may be pain in the area of the neck of the teeth.

How is parodontosis treated?

At the moment there is no etiotropic therapy for this ailment, since the main reason for its development has not been established. Most often, doctors eliminate only the symptoms of the disease. This is done with the help of special tools. This allows you to eliminate the increased sensitivity of tissues and reduce inflammation. In addition, patients with this disease are prescribed auto-massage or simple gum massage, darsonvalization, which allows to correct trophic disorders. Sewing is sometimes used. Finally, wedge-shaped defects are sealed.

In some cases, vestibuloplasty is performed. However, the effect of such interventions is short-lived.

Tumor-like and tumor lesions of tissues

Such periodontal lesions are difficult to predict. There are such diseases only among those who are inclined to such processes. At the same time, hormonal failure serves as an impetus to the development of tumor and tumor-like ailments. Most often, the main reason is the accumulation of a large amount of growth hormone not only during pregnancy, but also during puberty.

However, as practice shows, these are only factors that are capable of provoking the development of such lesions in persons predisposed to oncological processes. There are other reasons. Scientists have established one more factor, which is capable of provoking the development of such pathology. This is due to the intake of anabolic in the occupations of professional sports and bodybuilding.

Method of treatment

Treatment of tumor and tumor-like lesions is reduced to the elimination of trauma and inflammatory processes. Often carried out the removal of overgrown tissues. Most often this is required for inter-root granuloma, epulis, hypertrophic gingivitis, gum fibrosis and so on.

Patients suffering from these ailments should carefully monitor oral hygiene, applying not only special antiseptic solutions, but also antibacterial rinsing.

Prevention of diseases

Prevention of periodontal disease is of particular importance. Such measures can prevent the development of a disease, as well as avoid negative consequences. Prevention of periodontal ailments is reduced to the following rules:

1. A correct and rational diet, saturated not only with vitamins, but also with minerals.
2. The use of various drugs, in which fluoride is present.
3. Elimination of malocclusion, as well as abnormal location and structure of certain organs and soft tissues of the oral cavity. In this case, it is necessary to get rid of selective functional sanding and subcontacts. After all, these pathologies can lead to a periodontal injury and the development of certain diseases.
4. It is necessary to eliminate defects in orthodontic treatment, prosthetics and sealing.
5. Timely visit the dentist's office.
6. Observe the hygiene of teeth and oral cavity.
7. Eliminate the violation of the architectonics of the attachment of the tissues of the vestibule of the oral cavity.
8. It is necessary to conduct treatment of concomitant diseases.

In conclusion

Parodont is a complex of different tissues, each of which performs certain functions. With an incorrect approach to oral hygiene, all sorts of diseases can develop. And this is not only an inflammation of the periodontal disease, but also the formation of tumors. In the presence of any disease should immediately seek help from specialists. This will help to avoid the development of more serious complications.