Nominal lists of personnel. Lists of Red Army personnel

The history of the Red Army and lists of personnel until recently were quite classified information. In addition to the legends of power, the armed forces of the Soviet Union learned the joy of victories and the bitterness of defeat.

Red Army

The decree on the creation of the Red Army was signed by Lenin in January 1918 after the formation of the political police of the Cheka. At that time, the lists of the military personnel consisted of workers, soldiers and sailors who had taken the side of the Bolsheviks.

Such forces of all opponents could not be overcome, because a new army must defend the revolution. You could join the army only with two class recommendations - workers and peasants. It was formed on a voluntary basis under the Marxist canons - the lack of military discipline, the discussion of orders, the election of commanders. Lenin saw no need for the creation of regular troops. Therefore, the people's militia replaced the tsarist army.

At that time, the civil war was only hardened, and the need for trained troops was simply obvious.

In 1926 a book was published that contains a personal list of the personnel of the workers 'and peasants' army. It contains data on the origin, date of birth and death.

Regular troops

But from the middle of 1918 the general military duty of workers from 18 to 40 years and universal military training is introduced, the election of commanders is canceled, and the Red Army men take the oath. The branches of the army begin to be formed: infantry, artillery, cavalry, armored forces, consisting of 200 armored cars and two armored trains. In the city of Kovrov, the first Soviet automatic weapons KB appears.

The active creator of the regular troops of that time was L. Trotsky, who believed that the war should be dealt with by professionals.

Battleship Potemkin

The Black Sea fleet of the Russian Empire was armed with the famous battleship Potemkin. The list of personnel indicates the presence in the team of a large number of Mensheviks, anarchists and Socialist-Revolutionaries. The uprising of the sailors occurred even at the first attempt of the revolution in Russia, but it ended in defeat. There were many reasons. These are lists of personnel who are simply overcrowded with immigrants from Austria and Germany, and lack of support from other ships of the Black Sea Fleet.

Features

In fact, there were no fundamental differences between the Red Army and the tsarist army. They were based on the reformist activities of Milyukov since the second half of the XIX century. The principle of dividing the country into military districts and conscript army has been preserved with some changes so far.

Russia has always sought to have an army more than it was able to support. And this trend is traced through the entire history of the country. Lists of Red Army personnel have always been inflated, but in practice, with the outbreak of hostilities, there was no one to fight.

Zhukovsky reforms

The new chief of the general staff, GK Zhukov, in his memoirs writes how the leadership of the army demanded the creation of special mechanical corps from Stalin.

At this time, actively begin to open military tank, artillery schools and other educational institutions to provide military cadres. 21 tank academy and tank academy were opened in the USSR. The same forced training took place in the Navy and in artillery troops.

Tank forces

At the beginning of the Patriotic War, the tank forces numbered 1.5 million. And the release of the tanks themselves, too, did not lag behind.

But without the trained and mobile infantry, they were ineffective and did not allow the Red Army to conduct deep strategic operations, the necessity of which was caused by the invasion of Germany.

Even the most professional cadres were helpless on the battlefields without infantry.

Ensigns and captains - the lower military layers of the tsarist army - could not form a new military thought. Cavalry, as a rudiment, lasted until the end of World War II. And the list of irretrievable losses of personnel throughout the history of the Red Army is simply enormous.

The first victories and defeats

The Finnish war showed the Germans weak spots of the Red Army, but she also taught some Soviet strategists. In the summer of 1940, a whole list of orders on the personnel of the People's Commissar of Defense, Semyon Timoshenko, appeared, which obliged to teach the military only what was needed during the war. The gradual rearmament of the army begins, new models of weapons are created and new powerful tanks, whose armor could not be penetrated by any weapon of that time.

The loss of many positions of the Red Army in 1941 showed all the shortcomings, and the front line was gradually approaching Moscow. But we did not succeed in breaking through the Wehrmacht.

The Cold War also proved to be in the hands of the Soviet Union, and the Germans, who were outfitted in summer, did not tolerate them well. In the cold, their machine guns were also not quite combat-ready. In December 1941, the Red Army rejected the enemy by 300 km. So it was possible to save the capital. The moral significance of this victory was enormous, and the Soviet command once again overestimated the offensive capabilities of the army exhausted in battles, and the strength of the Germans had not yet been exhausted.

In the spring of 1942, the advance of the Red Army stopped, and several major defeats in the south further exacerbated the situation. These are the battles near Kharkov, and the surrendered Kiev, and the defense of Simferopol. Germany opened the way to the Caucasus, the Kuban and Stalingrad. The well-known Stalin's order "Not a step back" even more "cleaned" lists of the personnel of the armed forces of the Soviet Union.