New Russian operating system for PC. Russian operating systems

Not so long ago in the press appeared simply a sensational statement. It turns out that on all computers of state institutions of our country there will soon be no "traditional" Windows OS! Large figures promise that its place will be occupied by the Russian operating system. The idea is that by the end of this year this very "operational" should begin testing in state institutions.

Optimistic start

The most famous project, which can theoretically claim such significant roles, is Synergy. This system uses the Linux kernel, the decision to develop it was made quite recently, on August 13, 2014. This was decided by a joint commission (at the meeting of the companies of JSC Russian Railways, Rosatom) and the Russian Federal Nuclear Center from the city of Sarov.

By the way, it is now at the Synergy enterprise that it should be intensively tested. From the "Russian Railways" will require active "bringing to mind" OS, provided it is used in the management systems of user databases. There are enough of such RZD!

Incidentally, the whole idea was initiated by specialists of Rosatom, as in the nuclear power industry the share of imported software is extremely high, and it has long been time to leave such a vicious practice. All those involved in the development promise that the Russian operating system will be protected from hacking no worse than the best foreign analogues.

Last straw

Such a rapid decision was largely due to the fact that in August 2014 the next update package for Windows 7 was released. The irony is that it was these updates that led to the failure of thousands of computers around the world, because it had critical errors. The problem was further aggravated by the situation with Windows RT, Windows 8 and 8.1.

Why all this is necessary

In general, lately the Russian operating system has not been lazily discussed lately. However, the discussion goes in an ironic manner. Do not blame users for the lack of patriotism. Practice shows that in most cases, domestic projects in this area can offer unless "boring wallpaper" and a new theme for the design of the same Ubuntu.

It is important to understand exactly what requirements a really promising Russian operating system must meet, what principles should be incorporated into it. Let's try to fantasize and imagine, in what directions should its development take place.

"Childhood diseases"

In general, it always starts with a previous experience, even if it's negative. As we already said, our country has one. Starting with the ancient "Spectrum", which was put a little rethought DOS, ending at times relatively recent, when some computer clubs installed "fundamentally new" BedOS 2 "Tanya". This epic creation was nothing more than a redesigned almost beyond recognition of Windows 98.

All of them were united by one: despite the new interface, all these OSs were just a few reworked products of world-famous software manufacturers.

What tasks are facing the domestic developers?

In principle, nothing new can be said about this. If a truly new Russian operating system for a PC is being developed right now, its creators face a huge number of tasks. We list only the main ones:

• The release of the OS, which will perform all its tasks, work on servers and workstations of the same Russian production.
• Creation of working and functional means of virtualization for it.
• This is the development of a database management tool, debugging which is now entrusted to RZD.
• Creation, development and support of the domestic application development environment.
• Issue of tools that could be used to automate testing.
• Creation of a domestic "application store". Give a decent response in every way AppStore!
• The release of OS, which can work not only on desktop computers and laptops, but also on mobile equipment (smartphones, tablets). This Russian mobile operating system should become a competitor to "Android", iOS, Windows Mobile.
• Development of design tools that will facilitate the writing of new applications.
• Analysis of the business sector of the economy, the creation of a specialized cluster of programs specifically for him.
• Finally, the development of the Russian operating system should provide for the creation of its own working environment (DE).
• Create new tools for installing, deploying, and debugging written programs.
• The opportunity for a painless migration of business and home users from older versions of the OS.
• Formation of training courses that will tell users what the Russian operating system is for the PC, about its capabilities and prospects.

About the users of the new OS

It's no secret that the modern segment of home computers is largely game oriented. In addition, the PC market is characterized by an incredible variety of computer hardware, as well as the unconditional dominance of the same Windows OS. Since all the concepts and habits of users in this niche are distinguished by an inveterate conservatism, at least somehow they will hardly be changed.

Thus, the new Russian operating system will surely be oriented towards state bodies, corporate segments of the economy, the sphere of the military-industrial complex.

What are the requirements for the new OS?

1. Relatively low cost of both the system itself and the "iron", which is necessary for its normal functioning.
2. The possibility of "cloud" work on documents. Simply put, some kind of environment for joint development should be oriented in the new system, which is especially in demand in the conditions of the enterprise or state organization.
3. The system must be scalable. It is desirable that with the growth of the enterprise it could be "sharpened" just for the needs of a large organization (such analogues of Business, Professional versions).
4. The speed of processing information arrays should be as high as possible.
5. Maximum reliability and security (including viruses).
6. The development and development of the OS should be conducted taking into account the latest trends in the hardware market.
7. Protection from malicious actions. In principle, the Russian operating system "Rosa" is not badly protected from this, but it is actually another distribution of Linux.
8. At least the theoretical possibility of using a home user on the computer (in order to gradually attract a new audience).
9. Full compatibility with at least the most common examples of computer hardware and peripherals.

Development of the OS taking into account the tendencies of the future development of the hardware part

Recently, the processors have crossed the threshold of 14 nm, domestic "Elbrus" 65 nm appeared, it is informed about the fast output of the capacious memory of the new type ReRam, which will leave behind all modern SSD (NAND) far behind. Simply put, one of the priority tasks facing manufacturers is to develop a system that will work both on the existing and on the prospective hardware. This is a complicated matter, and therefore there are legitimate doubts about its success.

And now we will talk about real progress in this area.

About "Chameleons" and other things

In general, modern domestic OS has exactly two realistic development paths. And on the first place there is justified interest of the military, which is extremely important protected domestic software. The second direction can be described as "patriotic development". Sometimes projects appear on the network, the authors of which regularly announces the Russian operating system.

In the latter case, you can call OS Xameleon. Speaking of the technological side of the issue, it is very similar to Mac OS X, since both systems are based on the use of a microkernel. "Chameleon" uses the development of L4, and Mac OS X includes the Mach microkernel. Alas, but the domestic "answer" does not even have a banal GUI, that is, a graphical interface.

Other candidates

There is also a Russian operating system "Patriot OS". For quite some time, Boomstarter has announced the collection of donations for its creation. The claimed amount is 38,500,000 rubles, which in itself causes mass ridicule in the network. The fact is that domestic crowd-hosting projects have never gained more than 12 million. In addition, if you read the requirements for the new system ...

Simply put, the amount claimed is clearly small. If the Russian operating system "Patriot OS" will claim at least 1-2% of the software market in this area, then you need to collect ten times more. However, this money should be enough for at least a preliminary beta version, according to which it will be possible to judge the prospects of the project as a whole. But the adequacy of some of the claimed characteristics raises deep doubts.

Minute of humor

So, the author of the project says that he would like to create a new Patrionet Network, an analog of the World Internet, which will be available only to those users on whose computers the Russian operating system Patriot will be installed. It is stated that it will be based on "incredibly fast dynamic technologies". The fact is that for the implementation of something like this it will be not enough even $ 38 million, what can we say about the domestic currency ...

Phantom Prospects

There is also a Russian operating system Phantom. Theoretically it is the development of the company Digital Zone (in fact - "home harvesting" by Dmitry Zavalishin). The latter every year ardently proves the advantages of its "brainchild" at the exhibition HighLoad and other similar events.

In principle, this time the Russian operating system Phantom does not contain anything truly revolutionary or new. Developers do not really cunning when they claim that their OS is not a Windows / Unix clone.

But they somehow "forget" to tell that the "Phantom" is almost an exact copy of the KeyKOS / EROS system. And this topic was launched in the distant 80's of the last century, when the general principles for the development of KeyKOS were laid.