Methods of Philosophy

Philosophy is a discipline that studies the basic principles of cognition, human being, reality, relations of the world and man. Any subject and method of philosophy is unique in its own way. In principle, the whole of this science can be called unique and unusual.

What is the subject of philosophy

It is understood as a certain range of issues studied in this discipline. The structure of the general structure of the subject has traditionally included:

• Ontology;
• The person;
• society;
• Knowledge.

Particular issues, the study of which deals with philosophy, quite a lot. It:

• The origin of being;
• The essence of being;
• nature;
• The spiritual world of man ;
• Features of cognition;
• society;
• The relationship between consciousness and matter;
• The unconscious;
• Conscious;
• Social sphere of society and so on.

Methods of philosophy are also numerous. Let us note that by them are meant the ways, as well as the means that help to carry out various kinds of philosophical studies.

Basic methods of philosophy

Among the main methods in this case include:

• Dialectics;
• Metaphysics;
• dogmatism;
• Eclecticism;
• Sophistry;
• Hermeneutics.

Let's look at these methods of philosophy in more detail.

Dialectics is a method of philosophical investigation in which phenomena, as well as things, are considered critically, flexibly, very consistently. That is, with such a study, attention is drawn to all the changes that are taking place. The events that led to the changes that took place are taken into account. A lot of attention is paid to the issue of development.

The method of philosophy, which is the direct opposite of dialectics, is called metaphysics. When objects are considered:

• Statically - that is, changes, as well as development, do not play any role during the research;
• Independently of other things and phenomena;
• Unambiguously - that is, when searching for absolute truth, attention is not paid to contradictions.

The methods of philosophy also include dogmatism. Its essence boils down to the perception of the surrounding world through the prism of peculiar dogmas. These dogmas are accepted beliefs, which can not be retreated a single step. They are absolute in character. Let's note. That this method was inherent in the first place medieval theological philosophy. Today, almost never used.

Eclecticism, which is part of the methods of philosophy, is based on the arbitrary combination of different, disparate, completely uncoated facts, concepts, concepts, as a result of which one can come to superficial, but relatively believable, seemingly authentic conclusions. This method is often used to create private ideas that help change the mass consciousness. With reality these ideas have little in common. Earlier this method was used in religion, today it is very popular among advertisers.

The method, which is based on the deduction of false, filed under the guise of true, new premises, which by logic will be true, but with a distorted meaning. Thoughts embodied in them do not correspond to reality, but are beneficial to persons using this method. In other words, the sophists studied ways of introducing a person into delusions during a dialogue. Sophistics was widespread in ancient Greece. Those who were in it were practically invincible in the dispute.

The main methods of philosophy end in hermeneutics. This method is based on the correct reading, as well as interpretation of the meaning of the texts. Hermeneutics is a science of understanding. A method widely used in Western philosophy.

There are additional methods of philosophy. They are also its directions. We are talking about materialism, idealism, rationalism, empiricism.