Means of transport are ... Classification and types of vehicles

Means of transport - a device used to transport goods on the road or equipment installed on it, or people. This definition gives a very comprehensive idea of the TS. However, in practice this is often not enough. More complete information about the vehicle contains traffic rules.

General information

Conventionally, rail and non-rail types of vehicles are distinguished. There is also a division into non-self-propelled and self-propelled. The movement of vehicles in the latter case is provided by the operation of the motor. In the SDA, however, there is another classification. In accordance with the rules, distinguish between mechanical and non-mechanical types of vehicles. These categories are fundamentally different.

Mechanical Vehicle

The main feature is the presence of an engine. Mechanical means (transport) are trucks and cars, motorcycles. They also include self-propelled machines and tractors. The engine can be any: hydrogen, gasoline, gas, diesel, etc. Another criterion of such vehicles is their destination. They should be operated only on the road.

Non-mechanical vehicles

To them, first of all, bicycles are included. They are vehicles with the exception of wheelchairs, which have at least 2 wheels and are driven by the muscular energy of the citizens who manage them. For this, pedals or handles can be used. Bicycles can be installed engines. Their maximum rated power does not exceed 0.25 kW. At the same time, they are automatically switched off at a speed greater than 25 km / h. All these parameters allow us to refer bicycles to the category of non-mechanical TS.

Special category

Mopeds - mechanical means (transport). This is due to the presence of an internal combustion engine or an electric motor. Meanwhile, mopeds are included in the category of nonmechanical vehicles. This is explained by the fact that their maximum design speed does not exceed 50 km / h, and the working volume of the motor is 50 m ³ (or the rated power with a continuous load of more than 0.25 and less than 4 kW). Similarly, other means of transport are identified. This is primarily scooters, mokiki and other similar vehicles with engines.

An Important Moment

Management of a vehicle that is non-mechanical does not require a driver's license. The TSs themselves do not register, they do not have signs (numbers). Meanwhile, it should not be forgotten that the persons who own them are drivers. In this regard, the management of a non-mechanized vehicle must be in accordance with the SDA.

Max. Permissible weight

It characterizes the weight of the vehicle with cargo, passengers and driver. The permissible mass is set by the manufacturer and is considered to be the maximum allowable weight. Let's look at the terminology. Maximum is the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle with passengers, cargo and driver. Exceeding the established indicator is prohibited. The reason is that with a high load (greater than the manufacturer's), the body of the machine, the braking system, the engine, the suspension, the steering part will not be able to function normally. Accordingly, there is a risk of creating an emergency situation. The maximum permissible mass is to a certain extent a theoretical indicator, which is prescribed in the PTA and the certificate of registration. Often, many confuse it with the actual weight of the vehicle. The key difference between these parameters is that the allowed mass is set once and for all. At the same time, the actual weight can change constantly. However, in any case, its value should not exceed the permissible mass.

Weight as a criterion of distinction

According to the allowed mass, the TS classification is carried out. Trucks are divided into two categories according to this indicator. The first includes a vehicle with a permissible mass of not more than 3.5 tons, the second - more than 3.5 tons. This figure acts as a kind of indicator of the size of cars. In this regard, trucks with a permissible weight of less than 3.5 tons are included in the category, which includes cars.

Allowed mass of concatenated vehicles

As a maximum permissible weight of vehicles moving as a single unit, they take a combination of their weight parameters. To understand this situation, it is advisable to refer to the concepts of "trailer" and "road train". The first is a vehicle that is not equipped with a motor and is used to move in a vehicle with a mechanical type of vehicle. Trains are devices that are linked to a trailer. Accordingly, if there are several vehicles in the composition, including those without engines, the total permissible mass will correspond to the sum of their permissible weights provided by the manufacturers.

Route Vehicle

It is a technical vehicle intended for public use. This category includes buses, trams, trolleybuses. Their main function is to transport people along the established route with stops at designated places. Such TSs are defined by the following criteria:

1. Affiliation to the infrastructure of passenger transportation.
2. Movement on the approved route.
3. Making stops at designated sites and on demand.

Specificity

It should be noted that one of the key criteria for routing TS is the availability of a working traffic schedule. Why does this feature stand out in the definition? The point is that while the TS is not on the route, it will not be a public transport. For example, a passenger Gazelle going to a garage or parking place after a shift is an ordinary vehicle. For public transport there are certain indulgences and privileges. For example, a route vehicle driver may ignore a number of prohibitory or prescriptive signs. For this mode of transport , special bands are provided. They are distinguished by special markings and signs.

Vehicle purchase and sale contract

Many owners of vehicles need to realize their car. Thus the contract of sale of the vehicle is made out. Here are some recommendations on how to properly compile it. The document is completed by hand or on the computer. Particular attention should be given to key conditions. The contract must contain a number. For example, 01/2016. Subsequently this number will be indicated in the TCP. The document contains the place and date of the transaction. The passport data of the seller and the buyer must be indicated. Information about the car must also be present in the document. They are copied from the certificate and the PTA. The cost of the car is determined by the participants in the transaction. The amount is prescribed in numbers and words. Immediately before signing, the owner transfers the keys and documents, and the buyer - money. In addition to the contract, a certificate of acceptance of the TS is also drawn up.

Apps

The seller must provide:

1. Original PTS.
2. About the registration machine.
3. Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.

The buyer makes:

1. The document by which his identity is certified.
2. The policy of OSAGO.

Advice to buyers

First of all, make sure that the vehicle:

1. Does not act as an object of pledge.
2. Is not credit.
3. Has no penalties.
4. It is not limited in registration actions.
5. Not arrested.

Additionally

After signing the contract, the new owner is indicated in the PTA. Within ten days from the date of the transaction, the buyer must place the car on the register. At the end of the established period, the former owner can verify the registration of the vehicle. In this situation, the former owner will benefit from the signed contract. The citizen does not have a vehicle, but it is listed behind him - what should I do in this case? The former owner has the right to stop registration by presenting to the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate an appropriate agreement. If on the date of the transaction the policy does not end, the citizen is entitled to return the money. It should be borne in mind that the calculation of unused days starts from the calendar day following the day of termination of the insurance agreement.

Rent of vehicles

It is regulated by the provisions of the Civil Code. The Code provides for two types of leases: with and without a crew. The definitions are given in art. 632 and 642. The object of the agreement is exclusively TC, designed to carry luggage, passengers and cargo. Renting vehicles with a crew involves two obligations. One is directly related to the provision of the TS for use. The second concerns the provision of services by the crew. The differences in the regulatory regulation of these types of transactions are as follows. Responsibilities for the operation of the vehicle provided without a crew are made to the lessor. In the second case, they are performed by the tenant. The payment that is paid by the user is called the freight. The crew of the vehicle, which is leased, is subordinated simultaneously to the lessee and the lessor. The responsibility for causing damage to third parties is distributed depending on a number of circumstances. So, if the vehicle is provided without a crew, it is borne by the tenant. He can be released from liability if he proves that the harm was the result of the actions of the victim or force majeure. When renting a car with a crew for damage, the landlord is responsible.

Conclusion

Currently, there is a huge number of vehicles of various types. Meanwhile, regardless of the category of vehicles, drivers are required to comply with SDA. The rules set requirements for not only direct movement on roads, but also registration and operation of machines. Drivers need to remember that the vehicle acts not only as a means of transportation, but also as a source of danger. In this regard, the state of the object should be given special attention. To prevent emergencies, it is recommended that the machine be diagnosed in a timely manner. When making transactions, you should carefully study the documents that the seller provides. The acquirer, in turn, needs to register the vehicle in a timely manner.