Means of teaching in pedagogy

The means of teaching in pedagogy are all materials that the teacher uses to carry out the educational process. Along with the living word of the teacher, they represent an important component of the educational process, as well as an element of the educational and material base of the educational institution. Acting as an important component of the educational process, the learning tools have an impact on other components, such as methods, forms, content and goals.

Classification of learning tools

The means of teaching in pedagogy are divided into ideal and material. Ideal means are the skills and knowledge obtained earlier, which the teacher and students use to obtain and master new knowledge. Material are physical objects that are used by students and teachers for detailed instruction. If we talk about the subject of activity, then all the teaching aids can be conditionally divided into study tools (more often used by students, less often by teachers) and teaching aids (used in most cases by the teacher). In turn, ideal and material resources are divided into:

· Printed manuals - pictures, graphics, textbooks, tables, etc.

· Bulk allowances - models, devices, collections, devices, etc.

· Projection material - video films, slides, movies.

Modern typology classifies teaching aids in pedagogy as follows:

· Printed - books for reading, textbooks, teaching aids, textbooks, workbooks, handouts, atlases, etc.

· Visible planar maps - wall maps, magnetic boards, posters, wall illustrations.

· Demonstration - models, stands, herbaria, models in a cut, models, etc.

· Electronic educational resources - multimedia textbooks and universal encyclopedias, network educational resources, etc.

· Audiovisual - slides, educational videos, educational films, including digital media, etc.

· Training equipment - flasks, barometer, compass, etc.

· Sports equipment - exercise equipment, gym equipment, balls, sports equipment , etc.

· Training equipment - tractor, cars, etc.

To date, the greatest impact on students is provided by modern teaching aids in pedagogy: audiovisual and multimedia. They are considered the most effective means of education and upbringing.

The material means of instruction, which are so necessary for the assimilation of educational information, constitute a system that is a derivative of the general system of the academic subject. Such a system of training facilities is built on the following principles:

· The equipment must fully comply with the presented pedagogical requirements: it is clear and understandable to reproduce the essential in the phenomenon, to have an aesthetic appearance, to be easily visible and perceivable, etc.

· The means of education must fully cover the material needs of the educational process by their quantity.

· Teaching tools should be tailored to students' needs and actual working conditions.

It should be noted that each academic subject needs its own special teaching aids. So the means of teaching the Russian language are represented by means such as educational didactic material (concepts, terms, rules, texts), methods and methods of teaching (cognitive, training, control-checking), and the organization of the educational process. Material means of the Russian language are represented by educational complexes (manuals, collections, textbooks), a set of technical training aids (multimedia, personal computer), cabinets (Russian language cabinet, multimedia class, video classroom). The means of teaching a foreign language will be almost the same, with the exception of some special means. For example, if we talk about the offices, then the language lab will be more suitable for foreign languages.