Low-frequency speaker and frequency response of the speaker system

Earlier, in the seventies and eighties of the last century, it was believed that the more speakers in the column, the better. The modern approach to organization of the scoring of the rooms is somewhat different, the distribution of the Dolby Surround system with a separate subwoofer somewhat shaken the confidence in the sound of the speakers with several loudspeakers, but they still have a lot of fans.

The question of what dynamics should be for the speakers excites developers and technologists from the moment when these electromechanical radiators went into everyday life. There is a certain contradiction in the requirements for the diffuser. On the one hand, for a high-quality reproduction of the lower, bass spectrum, it must have a sufficiently large size and a massive magnetic coil, and most of the power goes to the "bass swing". On the other hand, high frequencies require the maximum ease of the oscillation system and minimum inertia.

Ultimately, the developers of acoustic accessories came to a logical decision: in the column have co-operating low-frequency speakers and so-called "pishchalki." True, in this case a "dip" was formed in the middle of the spectrum, but this problem is eliminated by adding a third loudspeaker operating in this range.

The frequency response is then aligned on the entire audible band. The subwoofer can work without additional filters, but in order to reduce the load on it and extend the durability, it is equipped with a series-connected inductance, which does not allow the passage of medium and high waves. The middle loudspeaker is also free of the need to "fray" on the bass and the upper components of the signal. For this, a coil and a capacitor are included in one line with it. As for the "peeple", it is possible to feed only the band intended for it from about 3 kHz and higher, for this purpose a capacitor is connected in series with this speaker.

A modern low-frequency speaker is a complex electromechanical device. The course of the diffuser is quite large. To ensure it for a long time, you need materials that withstand elastic deformations and retain their properties. Usually the edge of the radiator is connected to the diffuser by a rubber ring of semicircular cross-section.

The working stroke, which is several millimeters, should have a clear trajectory, otherwise the edges of the coil will be "rubbed" by the central magnet. It is provided by a centering washer, usually made of perforated impregnated perforated fabric impregnated with binder polymer with annular corrugation.

The low-frequency speaker is a high-tech device, all the latest achievements in the field of polymer production are used in its design. The diffuser must be rigid, then the force from the coil will be transmitted to its entire surface almost instantaneously, and it is easy for the acceleration characteristic to have as short a delay as possible. However, in most of the most expensive and high-quality loudspeakers, oddly enough, despite all the advances in modern technology, paper is used, as in the first dynamic, which was invented in 1925 by Americans Rice and Kellogg.

The low-frequency speaker has become an integral part of the design of any high-quality speaker system.