Ivan Ilyin - philosopher, jurist and publicist

The ideas that Ivan Ilyin preached, the philosopher by God's mercy, are now experiencing a renaissance. The very first state people began to quote him and put flowers on his grave. Especially since this is strange, because the Russian philosopher Ivan Ilyin usually went to the theories of National Socialism and neo-fascism. What is really happening?

Slavophilism

Ivan Ilyin - a philosopher originally Russian, sent in 1922 on the "philosophical" steamer out of Russia as absolutely unacceptable political regime, established in his homeland. Slavophilism from it was not expelled neither by emigration, nor by painful nostalgia, - he loved Russia with all his heart. The revolution has always been perceived as a disease of the country, which sooner or later will pass, and then a rebirth will come. Ivan Ilyin, a Russian philosopher, constantly thought about Russia, waited all his life for the hour of her recovery and tried to bring him closer in his own way.

Philosophical statements are equal to creativity: this is not an external skill, but an inner life of the soul. And philosophy itself always means more than life, because life ends with it. However, life is the subject of philosophy and its source, so it is more important. Good, right questions are no less an art than true answers. That's the search and setting of these main questions, Ivan Ilyin, a philosopher and a Slavophile, engaged in all his life.

Nationalism

Reading books, especially poetry, Ivan Alexandrovich considered equal to clairvoyance in his artistic hypostasis, and judging by the range of reading, much could tell about a stranger. The philosopher compared the reader with a bouquet of flowers collected during the reading, and believed that a person must by all means become what he read from books.

It is almost impossible to preserve one's own "Russianness," that is, a nationality in the most direct sense of the word, in the opinion of Ilyin, if one does not like the poems of Russian poets who are both national prophets and national musicians. A Russian who is in love with poetry can not be denationalized, even if circumstances require this.

Anti-Communism

Ivan Ilyin is a philosopher of Christian morality. He considered socialism to be asocial, and spoke of communism with irreconcilable malice: socialism is terrorist, totalitarian and envious, and communism emerges from it unabashedly, openly, fiercely. However, he could not but know that the Russian intelligentsia was always attracted to socialism (and even now it gravitates) very strongly, it is close to it, just as the ideas of the Paris Commune (freedom, equality, brotherhood of socialism, and not terrorism at all) are close, and no single system Stronger than socialism, the intelligentsia has never desired.

Ilin answers questions such as the classical theorist who studied religion and culture: the intelligentsia is under the influence of rational "Western" education, it almost completely lost the Christian faith inherent in the Russian people, but with two hands holds to Christian morality. It is her rules and are prescribed for the social system, but not the fact that they can be preserved in the real life under socialism.

Fascism

Ilyin's views on fascism truly pose not only colleagues in the shop, but ordinary people of common sense. He was expelled from Russia, lived in Germany, at the origins of National Socialism, taught at the Institute, although Russian, but in the common Auber League-an anti-communist organization that opposed any diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, scared the Red Terror and promoted the activities of all Anti-communist forces. Moreover, everywhere there is information that the philosopher Ilyin Ivan Alexandrovich made many efforts to create this odious organization, being one of its creators. It lasted, by the way, until 1950 - this is how hardy it turned out.

The Ober League belonged to all the fascist organizations that existed at that time, even the Nazi Party and the Mussolini Party. Ilyin considered fascism a movement that was sufficiently healthy, useful and even necessary, since it arose as a result of reaction to Bolshevism as the right state-guarding force. The statement of the Russian philosopher Il'in about the usefulness of fascism can not but give rise to negative emotions in any person who was at least some time Soviet. The noble rage effervesces, and Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya - before her eyes.

Neo-Monarchism

Ilyin the philosopher about Russia wrote a lot, especially lamenting that the Russian people had forgotten how to have a king. In his opinion, Russia can live only under unlimited power, in any other case chaos occurs. To the republican system, he considered his homeland not adapted. The revolution for Russia, according to Ilyin, is a deadly danger, the philosopher sees in her only dishonor. He is intent on fighting to the end and, in principle, by any methods, judging by his cooperation with fascist organizations. He did not want to adapt to the change of system and despised those who returned to Russia.

Already in the thirties in the lectures Ilyin predicted with great joy the war between Germany and the Soviet Union. His position was defined clearly and for all time. Earlier, comparing Russia with a sick mother, he asked the reader: Is it possible to leave her bed with the certainty that she herself is guilty of her illness? And he answers: of course, it is possible to leave. But for medicines and for a doctor. Ilyin made his choice. The White Mothers' doctors "sick mother" won fast, while the philosophers sat at her head. And Hitler, although it turned out to be a doctor-killer, was also defeated.

Imperialism

Russia IA Il'in, the Russian philosopher, regarded as a single whole, and in this was absolutely right. This country can not be dismembered unmistakably and painlessly for the rest of the world. In the article "What promises to the world the dismemberment of Russia," he confidently says that it is not a mere conglomeration of vast territories and misplaced tribes. Russia is a living organism. Those who lamented the freedom of nations and political independence, Ilyin answered that the precedent of coincidence of the state division of peoples and tribal never and nowhere has happened yet. In history one can observe convincing proofs to this statement: there are many small nations in the world that are not capable of self-determination and state independence.

According to the philosopher, Russia did not engage in forced baptism and universal russia, nevertheless, many centuries as a mighty empire were beautiful. At the same time, Ilyin calls communist internationalism a denationalization and a communitarian leveling, without asking himself the question of the reasons for the appearance of a revolution in the midst of a "beautiful existence." It is also interesting that the world behind the scenes about the dismemberment of Russia dreams, it turns out, for a very, very long time.

National Socialism

And here it did not grow together. Either Il'in, a philosopher who is not very compliant, recoiled from the slightly revealed mask of fascism (although this is unlikely, judging by his future activities, the views did not change at all), or German National Socialism, which in its main program had many points regarding non-Germans , I did not see in Ilyin a sufficiently zealous adherent of fascist views, but in 1938 the Russian philosopher and politician was closely interested in the Gestapo.

In addition to lecturing at the Russian Institute on Russian writers, on the basics of the sense of justice and the culture of the Russian, on the future revival of Russia-without the Soviet regime, about religion in general, and about the Russian church in particular, Ilyin organized the Wrangel's EMRO (Russian General Military Union ) From the early twenties of the last century and was until the end of his ideological inspiration. Also, Ilyin knew the leaders of the NTS - the People's Labor Union of Russian Solidarists (also that's the company!) - and worked closely enough with them, although he did not join any of the parties for the rest of his life. Nevertheless, all his activities were completely directed against the Soviet Union.

Nonpartisanism

Philosophy and politics usually do not seem to people to be close enough, and all the more closely related to each other's activities, however, they occupy a central place in Ilyin's creativity and in public activity. With lectures on political topics he traveled all over Europe: he was in Austria, Yugoslavia, the Czech Republic, Belgium, Switzerland, Latvia, Germany - more than two hundred speeches for ten years until 1938.

Published in the entire emigre press: "Revival", "Russian invalid", "New time", "New way", "Russia and the Slavs", "Russia" - all publications and not to list. "The Russian Bell" he published himself. And always against the Third International. Nevertheless, in the political life of the pre-fascist and already Hitlerite Europe, Ilyin treasured his own non-partisanship. Perhaps, therefore, the Gestapo considered it not sufficiently loyal to National Socialism. His publications were arrested, teaching is forbidden, as are any performances in public places.

Underground

Germany managed to leave, although the departure of the Ilin family was banned by the Nazi authorities. The source of earnings was completely blocked in connection with the ban on any type of activity that Ilyin owned. Switzerland was chosen as the new residence, a rich country that never entered the war. Visas were obtained with the help of friends and acquaintances, and in 1938 the philosopher settled on the outskirts of Zurich, in Zollikon. Ivan Ilyin did not stop publishing his anti-communist works, they just left without a signature, anonymously.

Two hundred and fifteen publications have reached, thus, only the White Guard EBC. Subsequently, from these articles was compiled the book "Our problems", but it was no longer published by Ilyin. The philosopher, whose books suddenly returned to Russia and are fairly closely studied, did not wait for many publications. His main works, including the popular one "The Singing Heart", were published in 1956-1958, after his death. At the very end of his life, in 1953, a work was published which he wrote for more than thirty years - "Axioms of religious experience".

Memory returns

Recently the bodies of Ilyin, Shmelev and Denikin were transported to Russia and reburied. All the tombstones were installed on personal money of President VV Putin. The grave solemn speech about Denikin sounded for the first time, but the philosopher Ilyin, the main people of the country are quoted very often recently. Even in the Epistles, the Federal Assembly of the President contains rather lengthy quotations. Links to Ilyin sounded from the mouths of Prosecutor General Ustinov and Deputy Head of the Kremlin Administration Surkov. And, of course, as a fighter for Orthodoxy, Ilyin is highly respected by the ROC.