Introduction is what? Introduction of animals and plants. Introduction in music

There are terms that apply in two or more different spheres of human activity. In most cases, they have a similar interpretation, the difference is only in the specifics. But there are those whose decoding is just two polar concepts, and one of them is "introduction". This word is mostly familiar to biologists and zoologists, and also it often appears in music. Well, let's take turns on two of his interpretations.

What is the introduction in biology?

It's worth starting with science, since it is in this industry that the term occurs more often. Moreover, it is heard not only among scientists, but also among schoolchildren, as well as students, as it has a simple interpretation and is considered a very common phenomenon in nature.

From a biological point of view, the introduction is the resettlement of a particular species of animals or plants to another territory on which they did not previously live. This process can be specially organized or happen accidentally. In other words, introduction is the process of introducing alien, non-intrinsic species into an extraneous ecosystem.

Adaptation

After the new species appears on the new territory, it goes through the process of acclimatization. This is necessary for the plant or animal to become accustomed to a new habitat, adopt a new ecosystem, weather, soil, air, etc. There are species that do not even notice such changes and do not experience discomfort (for example, cockroaches). But certain living organisms are not always well acclimatized, some of them die in new conditions. Often the introduced species drag a chain of biological changes in the new ecosystem. Because of them, a particular species of local fauna or flora is changing or completely dying out. In such cases, it is considered that the experiment ended in biological contamination.

Introduction of plants

This practice has been practiced by the people for many centuries, and it can not be said that it has been successful or defeated. It will be more accurate to notice that the result here is 50/50, that is, everything depends on the plant itself, as well as on the conditions in which it will have to move. The centuries-old practice has taught humanity some tricks in this case. Firstly, you can not fundamentally change the living conditions for a plant, that is, you can not transplant a palm tree from the tropics to the tundra. For a certain type of transplant, several similar conditions are needed - climate, soil, amount of precipitation. And the second conclusion to which people came is the division of this process into two types: simple and complex.

Easy Transplant Method

The name speaks for itself. A simple introduction of plants is a transplantation of those without any biological or chemical interventions to a new location. There are two ways to implement this procedure. The first is that a preliminary experiment is conducted, its consequences are studied and only then the necessary species of flora is relocated. The second way - a small batch of a certain breed of plant is induced, its reactions are studied, and if only they are positive, the process is completed.

Complex plant transplantation

In this case, biological developments and chemical experiments are in progress. A complex introduction is the breeding of new breeds of plants whose properties will correspond to a new habitat. For a small number of representatives of the new breed, artificial ecosystems are often built, in which climate, soil, irrigation and other habitat conditions are established, such as will be in a new location. In this case, the new breed either gets accustomed, after which it is transported to other territories, or subject to further changes.

A little help

By the way, the most vivid example of the introduction of plants is potatoes and corn. These cultures were moved from America to Europe. Due to the fact that the plants were unpretentious, they not only took root in the new hemisphere, but also could adapt to different climatic zones: temperate, subtropical and tropical.

Introduction of animals

This phenomenon is considered more common than the previous one, but all because animals, oddly enough, can walk. Of course, it's unlikely that any of them will be able to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but if it gets on the ship, it becomes quite real. It was thanks to the ancient ships around the world that rats spread. Very few people know that their homeland is Asia. It was after the crusades that these animals, together with the knights, plunged into ships and went to a new house - to Europe. And already from there, along with the discoverers, on the same ships moved to America.

If the introduction of animals is carried out intentionally, then the speech is most likely about livestock. Breeding horned - the prerogative of the Highlanders, and the inhabitants of the valleys founded cattle breeding on their experience.

In the field of art

Introduction in music is in some way a vast and complete introduction. It is performed as a brief initial part of a large work of complex form. Often this introductory passage has an autonomous name, and it is likely that it can be performed independently. Introduction can be called the overture to the opera or the first scene, which follows immediately after the overture.

The size and shape of this small work do not have clear boundaries and requirements. It is important only that it adjusts the listener to the mood and tonality in which the instrumental or choral composition will be performed.

Musical examples

There are such works where the term "introduction" is brought to the fore. This is done if the introduction is of particular importance for the further perception of the work, it is especially beautiful and adjusts the viewer to the right mood. For example, consider the work of Pablo de Sarasate "Introduction and Tarantella".

The first part is calm, lingering and melodic, but it determines the tonality of the work and its mood. The second part is the dance itself. Tarantella is always energetic, fast and very rhythmic. Similar examples are found in the work of Frederic Chopin - "Introduction and brilliant polonaise", in Camille Saint-Saens - "Introduction and rondo capriccioso", as well as many other composers.