In which year was St. Petersburg founded? Who founded St. Petersburg?

In which year was St. Petersburg founded? This issue is very interesting, because this city is called North Palmyra. Its inhabitants are considered intellectuals. The city for a long time was the capital of the Russian Empire. It is replete with museums, palaces, monuments of architecture and culture.

In which year was St. Petersburg founded

It is known that on May 27, 1703, by the order of the Russian Tsar Peter I, the construction of the Peter and Paul Fortress was begun on the Hare Island. It became the first building of the city, later named St. Petersburg. The city itself is of artificial origin.

Where was St. Petersburg founded? Many believe that he has grown out of nothing in swamps. However, this is not quite true. About what year St. Petersburg was founded and how it happened so quickly to build it, we will go further. Immediately make a reservation that the construction was a difficult and very costly process.

A bit of history

Settlements in the mouth of the Neva River began to be built, beginning in the 14th century, by the Swedes (the Landkron fortress, 1300) and by the Novgorodians (Ust-Ohta, 1500). In 1611, at the confluence of the Ohta River in the Neva, the Swedes built the Nyenskans Fortress, near which the Nienstadt settlement appeared (in Swedish - "the city on the Neva"), which in 1632 received the status of the city. By the end of the 17th century, Nienstadt had become a major trading port, surrounded by a large number of settlements. In 1703, it was captured by Russian troops and renamed Schlottburg.

The original plans of Peter I

Who founded St. Petersburg and what were the prerequisites for this? To protect the new territories conquered in Swedish Ingermanland during the Northern War, Tsar Peter I decided to build a new fortress, which was laid on May 27, 1703 on one of the islands in the widest part of the Neva estuary. And on June 29, on Peter's Day, the fortress was named St. Peter-Burkh (in honor of the Apostle Peter). This is one more answer to the question about the year in which St. Petersburg was founded. Initially, in order to speed up the construction, the walls were poured from the ground. And the creation of stone structures began three years later. It turns out that the name of the fortress gave a name to the future city, which began to be built around it on drained bogs and neighboring islands.

The first St. Petersburg church, inn and pier

In November 1703 on the Birch Island the first city church was opened - Troitsky. Originally it was built of wood. However, a few years later was rebuilt in stone. At first it was the main cult institution of the new capital. It was here that in 1721 Peter took the imperial title. The square on which the temple was located received the same name - Troitskaya. She went out to the river. Neva. Here, and arranged the first pier of the city. To her docked a lot of vessels for unloading and loading. On the square, the first inn and the guest yard were also built. The island on which the fortress was located was renamed Zayachy in Gorodskaya.

Building

To accelerate the erection of stone buildings, Peter I banned the building of stone from all over Russia, and a special tax was levied on each arriving in St. Petersburg. A person had to bring with him some amount of stone or pay his equivalent with money. The buildings were also built on the other side of the river. The shipyards were built. Was built Vasilievsky Island, which Peter wanted to make a city center. The process of construction was difficult, but the one who founded St. Petersburg had the determination to bring it to completion and knew what he was doing.

The construction of the city, which was planned as a "window to Europe," was led by foreign specialists, and construction work was carried out by serfs, and so on. State peasants. The latter were mobilized for labor service. They were taken from all over Russia. Only about 24 thousand people were engaged in cutting the forest, draining the marshes and laying roads. Since 1717, civilians have been involved in the construction. By this time about 6% of 300 thousand builders have already died.

The first buildings performed utilitarian and, above all, defense functions. The one who founded St. Petersburg, wanted to ensure the presence of Russia in this region for centuries. Soon the construction became even more large and began to be carried out more carefully and systematically. The work was led by professional architects. In 1706, the Office of Urban Affairs was established to manage all work and questions. In 1716, the primary urban development plan was adopted, designed by the architect Domenico Trezzini, who worked in the city since its inception. It was according to this plan that the center planned to locate on Vasilievsky Island. Such was the caprice of the tsar. The island was washed by two channels of the Neva. It was planned to cover it with a geometrically correct grid of streets, and to make channels for dehumidification. However, soon the construction was headed by Jean-Baptiste Leblon.

The capital of the empire

Yes, Peter the Great founded St. Petersburg. Gradually the city successfully rebuilt and expanded. The first foreign ship arrived in the harbor in 1703. In 1705, the city survived the flood, and in 1712 St. Petersburg was proclaimed the capital of Russia. All state institutions and the court of the emperor were transferred here. Considering that the Northern War was not yet completed at that time, it is a unique historical precedent - the capital of one state was on the lands of another. St. Petersburg remained the capital of Russia until 1918, when it was again declared Moscow.

In 1709 in St. Petersburg was opened the first public school in Russia, in 1719 - the first museum (Kunstkamera). In 1724 the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences was founded. In 1728, the first Russian newspaper began to be published. In 1851, St. Petersburg was connected to Moscow by a 451-kilometer railway.

Throughout its existence, the city was renamed several times (to Petrograd in 1914, Leningrad in 1924). In 1991, he was returned to the original name. It is the third largest city in Europe. In 1725 the population of St. Petersburg was about 40 thousand people, most of whom were military, residents of surrounding villages, as well as serfs, assigned to the city for construction work. By the end of the century there were about 200 thousand inhabitants. More than 5 million people live in St. Petersburg now.

Nowadays

Peter 1 founded St. Petersburg, and this city became the pearl of the country. Currently, it has about 1200 streets and more than 70 churches. Tourists will not remain indifferent to such attractions as Kronstadt, Gostiny Dvor, Peter and Paul Cathedral and Peter and Paul Fortress, Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Kunstkamera and others. Come to the city on the Neva, join the history of your native country!