Identification and development of gifted children. Problems of gifted children. School for gifted children. Gifted children are ...

Each person in something can be considered talented. And whether he succeeds or not, depends largely on whether his talent will be shown and seen in his childhood, and whether the child will be able to realize his talent. Identifying talented kids is a painstaking and complex task. Gifted children are the children showing high intellectual inclinations from an early age and standing out among peers with remarkable intellect.

Who exactly is considered gifted and what are the criteria to be guided, considering that this or that child is the most capable? How not to miss the talent? How to identify the hidden potential of a child, who is ahead of his peers in development, and how to work with such children?

Pros and cons of giftedness

Giftedness has a positive and negative side. The pluses include excellent verbal skills, emotional stability, creativity, diversity of interests, good memory, a pronounced individuality and abstract thinking of the child. Negative features include dictatorial inclinations, inflated demands on oneself and others, fluctuations in interests, different speed of writing and thinking compared to peers, and poor physical preparation.

In order to confirm giftedness, it is necessary to collect complete information about the child from parents, educators and teachers. After all the data is collected and various tests are passed, you can draw conclusions about the availability of talents and abilities on the basis of this information. Such a child is important not to lose sight of and try to educate and train in such a way that he later benefits the society in which he was brought up. But, paradoxically it sounds, it is the talented child who gives the teachers difficulties in educating the children's collective.

Giftedness is classified according to types of activity and is as follows:

• Intellectual. Children show increased curiosity and ingenuity.
• Creative. Expresses itself in the originality of thinking, generating ideas and solutions.
• Academic. Is manifested in the successful study of individual subjects. But at the same time it is distinguished by the selectivity of the child's interests.
• Artistic and aesthetic. Reflection of talent in music, literature and creativity.
• Social. Easy to establish contacts and sociability.
• Sports. Characterized by the ability to control their movements and control the coordination of the body.

School for gifted children: tasks and goals

One of the priorities of the general education school is the allocation and education of gifted students, as well as the development and assistance in realizing their capabilities. An educational work is conducted among students in interaction with parents in schools. It includes the organization of seminars and courses aimed at providing information on the teaching and education of able students. The goal of the school is the formation of modern ideas about the identification and stages of the development of giftedness.

In our country, as a supplement to the general educational process, there are lyceums, gymnasiums and specialized centers where gifted children are trained. In these educational institutions, innovative programs are working and updated, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of work with talented young people. Therefore, if a gifted child grows up in a family, care should be taken to develop his talents competently and harmoniously with the help of specially created programs, whether it is musical, artistic or other direction.

But it also happens that the teacher often can not notice the uniqueness of the student or does not know about his abilities. There are teachers who are indifferent to unusual children and do not aspire to somehow stimulate their abilities.

Typical problems of gifted children

Common problems of talented children are:

1. The difficulty is finding people close in spirit.
2. Attempts to adapt to their peers and try to seem like them.
3. Forced participation in joint activities with classmates, which seem boring and uninteresting.
4. Difficulties of teaching in a school where work is not being done to stimulate the development of intellectual abilities.
5. Increased interest in the problems of the organization of the world and the role of man.
6. Need for attention from adults.

The teacher does not always manage to understand and reveal among the pupils a gifted child and give a positive assessment of his abilities and achievements. And psychologists do not have appropriate methods and recommendations to diagnose children's intelligence. Standard tests do not show the full picture, and with their help it is impossible to reveal the individual characteristics of the individual.

The difficulty is that the child feels different, perceives it as something abnormal and starts hiding its abilities from outsiders. Studies confirm that highly endowed children are constantly in social isolation because of the lack of equal children in his mind. Such a child needs peers not by age, but by the level of development of his intellect.

Pedagogical support of gifted children

Before the school, teachers and psychologists, the task is to support gifted and able children. To work with this category of students, the school should focus on the following:

1. Individual training.
2. To create conditions suitable for the successful development of a capable pupil.
3. Provide maximum opportunities for talent development.
4. Gifted children - this is a special contingent, which can be considered a national treasure. Therefore, special support measures are required, both material and moral. For such a category of students, it is necessary to create all the conditions in schools so that children can improve in accordance with their interests.

If we consider the percentage, then gifted children are much more than talented adults. This is because without the help of professionals and their participation, growing up, children become ordinary people.

A special child should be at the center of special social and pedagogical programs, because the prosperity of the nation is directly connected with talented youth. The sooner the development of abilities begins, the higher the probability of their further disclosure and improvement. Helping talented children is built on the following postulates:

1. Formation of confidence in success through individual studies.
2. In a more in-depth study of school subjects in electives and additional classes.
3. Involving the child in research and development.
4. Participation in olympiads, contests, quizzes and brain storms.
5. Close interaction with other schools and institutes.
6. Awarding and encouraging gifted students, publishing in the media.

Difficulties of learning and communicating with classmates

The joint activity of the psychologist and the teacher in the school is aimed at the development of talented children, their cognitive activity, creative abilities and original thinking. The teacher plans his activities with the inclusion in the pedagogical plan of courses on working with such children. And, if possible, forming a profile class, taking into account the characteristics of gifted children.

A gifted child in the classroom is always curious, attentive, shows diligence and perseverance in order to achieve the set goals. He has a rich imagination and a great desire to learn. Along with positive qualities, the inability to accept the views of other children is noted. Formal attitude to learning is also expressed. In addition, a gifted student lags physically behind classmates and never seeks to defend his opinion in a dispute.

A talented child has such character traits that do not contribute to establishing contact with classmates. Having their own idea of humor, they often make fun of classmates, play on their weaknesses and misses. At the same time they themselves react painfully to criticism in their address. They are unrestrained, do not know how to yield and control their behavior. As a result, a picture emerges: the intellect develops ahead of time, and the personal and social sphere corresponds to the biological age, so it lags behind in its development. Hence, all the problems of gifted children follow.

A capable child is always aiming at the center of attention, receiving only praise and appreciation for his abilities. At the same time, mistaken or not meeting the praise of the teacher, he can be offended and capricious. In order to help the child develop correctly in the peer group, it is important to understand the peculiarity of the socialization of such children. And carry out work aimed at building their skills of positive communication with classmates.

Assessment of the behavior of able children

Psychology suggests applying several basic principles aimed at accompanying gifted children. In doing so, it is necessary to base on the correct evaluation of the child's behavior and activities. It is advisable to use many different methods and technologies:

1. Using different options for monitoring the child.
2. Maintenance and creation of a database of talented students.
3. Conducting diagnostic training.
4. Inclusion in the training of lessons on special programs.
5. Connecting the child to individual games and activities.
6. Realization of various intellectual games, olympiads, competitions, competitions, matches and festivals.
7. The organization of profile camps, as well as the direction of children to participate in scientific, ecological, local history expeditions.
8. Conduct an expert assessment of the behavior of the child by parents and teachers.
9. Evaluation of the child's activities by professionals.

It is not necessary to set a goal and immediately record the presence of talent in the child. Identification of abilities must be associated exclusively with the tasks of their training, education and the provision of psychological assistance and support for teachers.

Gift or punishment?

It is generally believed that the child who has a more advanced mind for his age, who is ahead of his peers in development, will not experience difficulties, problems in his studies, he has a promising future and a worthy place in the sun. In fact, capable children are in high difficulty in school, at home and probable tragedy in adolescence.

Many families believe that gifted children are a gift that should be fully used, because it promises good dividends in the future. Parents admire the success of their child and demonstrate his abilities to relatives and friends. The kid will necessarily catch admiration for his achievements, will remember and will wait from adults for unchanging approval. Parents do not suspect that by doing so they only fuel the vanity of their child. And he, having an inflated self-esteem, will not be able to find common ground with peers. The inability to adapt and communicate with ordinary children can turn into grief and grief for the growing man.

Education of gifted children is built in such a way as to reveal the strengths and weaknesses as much as possible. Making up an individual training program requires close interaction with the family - then the education will have a positive dynamics.

Specificity of talented children

Any child is individual, but with all the diversity of manifestations of character traits, a smart kid is immediately distinguished in the general mass of peers not only by his behavior, but also by communication with adults, a relentless pursuit of knowledge.

Psychologists distinguish some working conditions with gifted children, whose knowledge helps to properly build the educational process. Generally gifted children are those who have the following traits:

1. Curiosity and the desire to show oneself.
2. Early mental development, honesty, openness, seriousness.
3. Persistence, will and desire for high achievements.
4. A passion for your business, good memory and energy.
5. Demonstration of independence, but also loneliness in work.
6. Sociability and ability to quickly establish contact not only with children, but also with adults.
7. A lot of knowledge.
8. Confidence and calmness in any situation.

Primary school as the start of the formation of personality

A child who has received the makings of upbringing in a pre-school institution and from his parents is fully revealed in the school. Initial education is a period of learning new, the accumulation and assimilation of knowledge. Therefore, the teacher faces such a task as the development of each person and the identification of gifted children. The fact that there are gifted children in primary school, it becomes clear already at the beginning of the training activities. They show their own identity, make their own decisions and build their own behavior.

The pubertal period introduces certain problems into the life of the adolescent. If in elementary school an able student has not been able to establish communication with classmates, then on average, and then in the senior level, such a child becomes an outcast. Children cease to be interested in him, considering arrogant and arrogant. The attitude of classmates can grow into a psychological problem and affect the child's further life. It can become closed and closed to others. How to behave at the beginning of school life? The answer lies on the surface. It is not necessary to hide their abilities, but also constantly to advertise them, too, does not make sense.

Identification of individual abilities

In order to understand that a particular child is gifted, it is necessary to carefully analyze the special successes and achievements of the student. This happens by observing the class, studying psychological features, memory, and logical thinking. And also by the method of identifying able children through extracurricular and educational work. In schools, it is necessary to create a database where data will be made about talented and talented children. It is advisable to diagnose the child's capabilities as a psychologist.

Teaching gifted children - meeting their knowledge needs

When a child with extraordinary abilities begins to show himself, the teacher is faced with the question of how and what to teach in order to promote the development of the pupil's abilities . Programs designed for gifted children should differ from conventional teaching methods. Ideally, the training of such children must meet their needs. And it is desirable that a school for gifted children function. Talented students have such traits, which should be taken into account:

• The ability to quickly grasp the meaning of concepts, positions and principles. And this requires additional material to study.
• The need to focus on issues of interest and the desire to understand them.
• Ability to notice, reason and advance their explanations.
• Concern and anxiety because of their dissimilarity to peers.

Psychologists note a lack of emotional balance in a gifted child. He is impatient, impulsive, vulnerable, and he is characterized by exaggerated fears and anxiety. There are two different points of view on the teaching of children with pronounced abilities. According to one, it is necessary to equip special classes or educational institutions. Another point of view suggests that talented children should learn and build relationships with ordinary students, otherwise they will not learn to live among ordinary people, work and communicate with them.

Early manifestation of eccentricity

Psychology divides giftedness into two kinds. It happens early, late and directly depends on the child's psyche and the age period when she showed herself. It is known that early detection of any talent in a baby often does not transform into high indicators at an older age. Also, the absence of any manifestations of talent or talent in the preschooler does not mean that then the child will not prove himself as a talented person.

An example of early giftedness is a brilliant success in one kind of class: music, drawing or vocals. Children are intellectuals who have a high rate of mental development. They are characterized by early successes in reading, writing and counting. These kids have tenacious memory, observation, ingenuity and the desire to communicate.

It is noted that early talent is manifested in art, especially in music, and later in drawing. Gifted children in the Dow demonstrate the rapid assimilation of information, have a desire to create and to know the world around them.

The mistake of parents who understand the unique abilities of their own children, constantly telling him about his dissimilarity and exclusivity, raising him above the rest of the children. Because of this upbringing, children behave in a kindergarten apart. They are alienated from other kids and they are not interested in joint games.

Communication of the kid with his peers is an important factor in his development. Hence follows the conclusion that the more successfully the relations of a gifted child with the children surrounding him are, so completely he will want and be able to realize his abilities. To adapt a child in society, one should know what leads to problems in establishing contacts. The reasons are divided into three groups:

1. The norms of behavior that society and culture dictate.
2. Exaggerated expectations and ambitions of parents.
3. Personal qualities of the child.

How to organize the development of gifted children?

Activities to organize work with talented children is built in this way:

• Individual assessment of the teacher's creative abilities and abilities.
• Analysis of the success and effectiveness of the student.
• Identify the preferences, interests and characteristics of the child.
• Support talented children in their self-realization.
• Correction of programs and plans for work with gifted children.
• Inclusion of complex assignments and control over participation in competitions of various levels.
• Encouraging diplomas, diplomas and prizes.

Working with talented children, teachers should take into account the interests of each child and focus on personal characteristics, assist in solving problems and take part in their destiny.

The subtleties of working with gifted children: support in school and in the family

In order for the child to feel the support and care of adults, it is necessary in schools to conduct group sessions with gifted children, electives, subject circles. And also attract children to participate in contests and olympiads.

For a long time, giftedness was considered separately from social and pedagogical practice. Oriented to the average level, the general education school is not suitable for those students who differ from their classmates in their abilities. Accordingly, it is not always ready to help talented children develop and realize to the full.

Meanwhile, a gifted person is able to make a great contribution to the development of society. Let talents run wild - the error of any state. And as a result, I want to add that working with gifted children is a constant, complex, demanding process. It requires new teachers, teachers, teachers, flexibility, personal growth and close cooperation with parents.