How does a substance transition from a liquid state to a solid state take place?

Any change in the state of matter is associated with metamorphoses of temperature and pressure. One substance can be represented in the following aggregate states: solid, liquid, gaseous.

We note that, as the transition proceeds, no change in the composition of the substance is observed. The transition of matter from the liquid state to the solid state is accompanied only by a change in the forces of the intermolecular interaction, the arrangement of the molecules. Transformation from one state to another is called a phase transition.

Melting

This process involves the transformation of a solid into a liquid. To perform it, you need an elevated temperature.

For example, you can observe in nature such a state of matter. Physics easily explains the melting of snowflakes under the influence of spring rays. Small ice crystals, which are part of the snow, begin to break down after heating the air to zero. Melting occurs gradually. First, ice absorbs heat energy. As the temperature changes, the ice turns completely into liquid water.

It is accompanied by a significant increase in the velocity of particle motion, thermal energy, an increase in the value of internal energy.

After reaching the index, called the melting point, the structure of the solid material breaks. Molecules have greater freedom, they "jump", occupying different positions. The molten substance has a greater energy reserve than in the solid state.

Curing temperature

The transition of a substance from a liquid state to a solid state occurs at a certain temperature. If heat is removed from the body, it freezes (crystallizes).

The temperature of solidification is considered one of the most important characteristics.

Crystallization

The transition of matter from the liquid state to the solid state is called crystallization. When the transfer of heat from the liquid stops, the temperature drops to a certain value. The phase transition of a substance from a liquid state to a solid in physics is called crystallization. When considering a substance that does not contain impurities, the melting point corresponds to the crystallization index.

Both processes proceed gradually. The crystallization process is accompanied by a decrease in the average kinetic energy of the molecules contained in the liquid. The forces of attraction, through which particles are kept in a strict order, inherent in solids, increase. After the particles have acquired an ordered arrangement, a crystal is formed.

Aggregate state is the physical form of matter, represented in a certain range of pressures and temperatures. It is characterized by quantitative properties that are changed at selected intervals:

• The ability of a substance to change shape and volume;
• Absence (presence) of long-range or short-range order.

The process of crystallization is associated with entropy, free energy, density, and other physical quantities.

In addition to liquids, solids, gaseous form, another aggregate state - plasma is isolated. It can be converted to gases in the event of an increase in temperature at constant pressure.

The framework between the various states of matter is by no means always strict. In physics, the existence of amorphous bodies capable of retaining the structure of a liquid having a small fluidity has been confirmed. Liquid crystals have the ability to polarize electromagnetic radiation, which passes through them.

Conclusion

In order to describe various states in physics, the definition of the thermodynamic phase is used. Critical phenomena are called states that describe the transformation of one phase into another. Solids differ in preservation over a long time period of their average position. They will make minor fluctuations (with a minimum amplitude) near the equilibrium position. Crystals have a definite shape, which will change during the transition to the liquid state. Information on the boiling point (melting) allows physicists to use transitions from one aggregate state to another for practical purposes.