Health, Medicine
Hormone 17-OH-progesterone. 17-ON-progesterone: the norm in the blood
The main goal of hormonal circulation in the body of a woman during the menstrual cycle is ovulation. The course of this process is under the control of the hypothalamus. At the same time, the production of substances that are secreted in the anterior pituitary: FSH and LH is regulated.
Formation of ovulation
In the pre-ovulatory cycle of menstruation, the ovarian follicle undergoes certain transformations. These changes occur under the influence of FSH. After the follicle reaches a certain size, as well as functional activity, the LH forms an ovulatory peak. As a result, the "maturation" of the ovum (the first division of meiosis) is started. After this phase, a rupture in the follicle occurs, through which the egg leaves. The interval between the peak phase and ovulation is about 36-48 hours. During the postovulatory phase, the egg usually travels to the uterus through the fallopian tube. In the case of fertilization on the third or fourth day, the embryo penetrates into the uterine cavity. There is its implantation. If the fertilization has not occurred, the egg within a day is killed in the fallopian tube.
Substances participating in the life support of the reproductive function of women
Biologically active compounds are formed in intrasecretary glands. They are called hormones. It is through them through the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system that the active activity of reproductive organs occurs. Each connection performs certain tasks. One of the substances involved in the processes in the reproductive system is 17-OH-progesterone. The follicular phase proceeds with a significant increase in its concentration. This compound is synthesized in small amounts in the ovaries. The increase in the substance content coincides with the peak LH stage. After this, in the middle of the cycle, the concentration decreases for a short period. Progesterone in the follicular phase slows the proliferation of endometrium, stimulated by estrogen. As a result, the connection is transformed. The main cause of menstruation is the sudden cessation of production by the yellow body of progesterone at the end of the cycle. In the case of artificial prolongation of the luteal phase in the stroma of the endometrium, a decidual reaction is formed. It is similar to the changes occurring at the beginning of pregnancy. Progesterone provides regulation of the glands in the cervix, reduces the contractility of the cavity. The compound also suppresses menstruation.
Hormone 17-OH-progesterone. Description
It is the precursor of steroids. From it, in the adrenal glands, cortisol is formed under the influence of enzymes such as 11-b hydroxylase or 21-hydroxylase. 17-ON-progesterone in women can synthesize androstenedione. This substance is a precursor of testosterone and estradiol. It is formed in the ovaries and adrenal glands. In the blood, progesterone-17-OH is present in the free and transcortin-bound and albumin-bound proteins. In the absence of fertilization, the concentration of the substance decreases. In the case of implantation of the ovum, the yellow body in the ovaries continues its production.
Concentration
17-OH-progesterone is elevated in the morning. The minimum content is found in the night. During the day, its level varies. The concentration of the compound is also different during the menstrual cycle. A significant increase in the level is noted the day before the peak of LG. Then the phase of maximum concentration (in the middle of the cycle) follows. During pregnancy, the content of the substance is significantly increased. 17-OH-progesterone, the norm of which is established according to age, is contained in small amounts in children. Large concentrations are noted only in the fertile period and immediately after birth. In this case, premature infants have a relatively higher content. During the first week, the connection level drops. Progressive increase is noted during puberty. During this period, progesterone-17-OH in adolescents gradually reaches the same concentration as in adults.
Why do I need a blood test?
17-OH-progesterone is an intermediate. However, its study is an important stage in the diagnosis of various pathologies. Indications for the study include infertility, hirsutism, cycle disorders. With hyperplasia of the adrenal glands as a treatment, patients are prescribed substitution therapy with steroids. To assess its effectiveness, an analysis is also assigned. 17-OH-progesterone is studied in newborns. Its concentration is studied with suspicion of a deficiency of 21-hydroxylase. Deficiency of this enzyme is observed with adrenal hyperplasia of the congenital type.
Preparation for laboratory research
If the doctor did not specify a different time, the blood is given on the third-fifth day of the cycle. The study is carried out on an empty stomach, in the morning. Do not use coffee or tea. It is allowed to drink plain water. From the last meal and until blood donation must pass at least eight hours. Experts consider it inexpedient to study the hormones of the second phase on the 20th-23rd day. If the duration of the cycle is 42 days, then blood sampling takes place on the 35th day. On the 23rd day, the first phase continues. At the same time, the level of progesterone is reduced, but this does not indicate a lack of luteal phase or anovulation. There is no point in conducting a study of concentration during pregnancy and taking any medications. In this case, high 17-OH-progesterone is the norm. Such maintenance during the prenatal period of therapy does not demand.
Interpretation of results
As mentioned above, the normal level of hormone progesterone-17-OH depends on age. The sex of the examinee also has significance. The concentration is determined in ng / ml. Optimal content for children up to a month is 0-16.63; 1-2 months. - 1.8-9.7; 3 months - 0.07-1.7. For patients under one year, 0-1.65; Up to 3 years - 0-0,99; From 3 to 10 - 0.07-1.69. The acceptable level for men is 0.5-2.1. For women in the follicular phase - 0.41-2.72; Ovulatory - 0.33-2.8; Luteal - 0,33-2,8. In the first trimester of the prenatal period, progesterone-17-OH should be present at a concentration of 1.17-5.62; In the second - 1,17-6,7; In the third - 1,24-11. In the postmenopausal period, the optimal content is 0.13-0.51.
Hyperplasia of the adrenal glands
It is a congenital autoimmune pathology. It develops, as a rule, as a result of a deficiency of enzymes involved in the synthesis of steroids. The lack of connections can have a different degree of severity. In infancy, virilization develops with congenital hyperplasia (formation of male characteristics in women). In severe cases, a deficiency of enzymes provokes serious violations in the synthesis of steroids, the loss of salts, which can be life threatening. Partial insufficiency of enzymes, detected in adults, can also be congenital. In this case, initially violations occur in a latent form and are not always detected in childhood. The broken synthesis of enzymes can have a progressive character. Under the influence of negative, pathological factors, the likelihood of functional and morphological changes in the adrenal glands, similar to the manifestations of congenital syndrome, increases. As a result, sexual development of adolescents is disrupted. In large amounts, progesterone-17-OH directs its activity on the synthesis of androgens. These compounds circulate from infancy and provoke in girls the manifestation of sexual characteristics according to the male type. Therefore, the study of its concentration is important in determining the effectiveness of the therapy received.
What is still dangerous is the deficiency of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase
The lack of a compound is manifested by a decreased formation of aldosterone. This hormone of the adrenal glands provides regulation of the water-salt balance, delays the salt in the body. Infants have a "crisis loss". Such a state is characterized by the accumulation of liquid in large volumes. At the same time, the necessary salts are actively extracted from the body. As a result, the content of potassium begins to increase, and sodium - to decrease. Partial deficiency of the enzyme is characterized by an erased clinical picture. Suspicions of a deficit appear against the background of violations of puberty and growth in the puberty period, in the elderly - infertility and impaired course of the menstrual cycle, in girls - with hirsutism.
Conclusion
The activity of sex hormones is one of the determining factors not only in the functioning of the reproductive system in women. Interaction of compounds, their stable and normal activity, participation in various processes, as well as the presence of the optimal concentration, affects the overall development of the body and health, in general. At the same time, experts warn that any deviations from existing standards in medicine are not always a sign of pathology. In this regard, not every case requires treatment. However, doctors recommend that you regularly give blood to a laboratory test, to undergo examinations. Some diseases have a latent form and, if untimely diagnosed, lead to serious consequences. Of particular importance is the condition of the hormonal background for women.
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