Genghis Khan: biography short, hiking, interesting biography facts

The name Genghis Khan has long become a household name. It is a symbol of devastation and colossal wars. The ruler of the Mongols created an empire whose size amazed the imagination of contemporaries.

Childhood

The future Genghis Khan, whose biography has many white spots, was born somewhere on the border of modern Russia and Mongolia. He was called Temuchin. He adopted the name Genghis Khan as the designation of the title of ruler of the huge Mongol empire.

Historians have not been able to accurately calculate the birth date of the famous commander. Different estimates put it in the interval between 1155 and 1162 gg. This inaccuracy is due to the lack of reliable sources related to that era.

Genghis Khan was born in the family of one of the Mongolian leaders. His father was poisoned by Tatars, after which the child was pursued by other contenders for power in his native uluses. Eventually, Temuchina was captivated and forced to live with clasped pads. This symbolized the slave position of the young man. Temuchin managed to escape from captivity, hiding in the lake. He was under water until his pursuers started looking for him elsewhere.

Unification of Mongolia

Many Mongols sympathized with the escaped captive, who was Genghis Khan. The biography of this man is a vivid example of how a commander from scratch created a huge army. Once free, he was able to enlist the support of one of the khans named Tooril. This elderly ruler gave Temuchin his wife to his wife, than he secured an alliance with a talented young military commander.

Very soon the young man could justify the expectations of his patron. Together with his army, Genghis Khan conquered the ulus behind the ulus. He was distinguished by uncompromising and cruelty to his enemies, which terrified the enemies. His main enemies were the Tatars, who dealt with his father. Genghis Khan ordered his subjects to destroy all this people, except children, whose height did not exceed the height of the wheel of the cart. The final victory over the Tatars occurred in 1202, when they became harmless to the Mongols, united under the power of Temuchin.

The new name Temuchina

In order to formally consolidate his leading position among his fellow tribesmen, the leader of the Mongols in 1206 convened a kurultai. This council proclaimed him Genghis Khan (or Great Khan). It was under this name that the commander went down in history. He managed to unite the belligerent and scattered uluses of the Mongols. The new ruler gave them the only goal - to extend their power to neighboring nations. So began the aggressive campaigns of the Mongols, which continued after the death of Temuchin.

Reform of Genghis Khan

Soon the reforms initiated by Genghis Khan began. The biography of this leader is very informative. Temuchin divided the Mongols into thousands and tumes. These administrative units together formed the Horde.

The main problem that could hinder Genghis Khan was the internal hostility among the Mongols. Therefore, the ruler intermixed numerous births among themselves, depriving them of the old organization that existed for dozens of generations. This has borne fruit. The Horde became manageable and obedient. At the head of the tugens (ten thousand men were in one of the tumens) there were people loyal to the khan who unquestioningly obeyed his orders. Also the Mongols were attached to their new detachments. For the transition to another tumen disobedient threatened the death penalty. So Genghis Khan, whose biography shows him a visionary reformer, was able to overcome the destructive tendencies within the Mongolian society. Now he could engage in external conquests.

Chinese trekking

By 1211, the Mongols succeeded in subduing all the neighboring Siberian tribes. They differed in their poor self-organization and could not repulse the invaders. The first real test for Genghis Khan at a long distance was the war with China. This civilization has fought for many centuries with the northern nomads and had a colossal military experience. Once the guards on the Great Wall saw the foreign troops led by Genghis Khan (a brief biography of the leader can not do without this episode). This system of fortifications was unassailable for previous uninvited guests. However, it was Temuchin who was the first to take possession of the wall.

The Mongol army was divided into three parts. Each of them went to conquer hostile cities in its direction (in the south, southeast and east). Genghis Khan himself came with his army to the sea. He concluded peace with the Chinese emperor . The losing ruler agreed to recognize himself as a tribute to the Mongols. For this he received Beijing. However, as soon as the Mongols left back to the steppes, the Chinese emperor moved his capital to another city. This was regarded as treason. The nomads returned to China and filled it with blood again. In the end, this country was subordinated.

The Conquest of Central Asia

The next region, which was under the blow Temuchina, was Central Asia. Local Muslim rulers did not for long resist the Mongolian hordes. Because of this, the biography of Genghis Khan is studied in detail in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan today. The summary of his biography is taught in any school.

In 1220 the Khan captured Samarkand, the oldest and richest city in the region.

The next victims of the nomads' aggression were the Polovtsians. These steppe people asked for help from some Slavic princes. So in 1223 the Russian soldiers first met with the Mongols in the Battle of Kalka. The battle between the Polovtsi and the Slavs was lost. Temujin himself was at home at that time, but he closely followed the successes of the weapons of his subordinates. Genghis Khan, whose interesting biographies are collected in various monographs, accepted the remnants of this army, who returned to Mongolia in 1224.

The Death of Genghis Khan

In 1227, during the siege of the capital of the Tangut, Khan Genghis Khan died . A brief biography of the leader, set forth in any textbook, necessarily narrates about this episode.

The Tanguts lived in northern China and, despite the fact that the Mongols had long subjugated them, they raised an uprising. Then Genghis Khan himself led the army, which was to punish the disobedient.

According to the chronicles of the time, the leader of the Mongols hosted a delegation of Tangut who wanted to discuss the conditions for the surrender of their capital. However, Genghis Khan felt ill and refused to listen to the ambassadors. Soon he passed away. It is not known exactly what caused the death of the leader. Perhaps it was the age, since the khan was already the seventh decade, and he hardly endured long trips. There is also a version that he was stabbed by one of his wives. The mysterious circumstances of death are also complemented by the fact that researchers still can not find the tomb of Temucin.

Heritage

There is little credible evidence of the empire, which Genghis Khan founded. Biography, campaigns and victories of the leader - all this is known only by fragmentary sources. But the significance of the Khan's actions is difficult to overestimate. He created the largest state in the history of mankind, spread out over the vast expanse of Eurasia.

Descendants Temuchin developed his success. Thus, his grandson Batu headed an unprecedented campaign against Russian principalities. He became the ruler of the Golden Horde and overlaid the Slavs with tribute. But the empire, founded by Genghis Khan, was short-lived. At first it split into several uluses. These states were eventually seized by neighbors. Therefore it was Khan Genghis Khan, whose biography is known to any educated person, became a symbol of Mongol power.