Fruit tree grafting. Advices for gardeners

Oculization is one of a variety of ways to multiply fruit trees. Vaccination with ocularization is an uncomplicated technique that every gardener who has acquired fruit trees should master.

Why is the grafting performed?

- The procedure is carried out in the absence of the sale of plants of the desired variety.

- The grafting of fruit trees makes it possible to increase the winter hardiness of the grafted variety.

- The grafting makes it possible to replace in the garden varieties of trees with low value or wildness to better ones. Or to keep the variety you like.

- Allows you to shorten waiting times for a new crop. The vaccination to an adult tree or a three-year seedling allows one to rejoice in the harvest in a few years. Then, as grown from seeds or stones, the trees bear fruit no earlier than in 5-6 years.

- Grafted different varieties per tree will diversify the number of fruit crops and save space on the plot.

- Okulirovka will help you get the desired, but not adapted to your conditions of the variety of fruit trees.

Advantages of ocularization

- Virtually any well-formed bud can give a new plant with all the advantages of the original variety.

- The procedure is very fast.

- A small area of vaccination allows minimally injuring the stock.

- Inoculation in the same rootstock can be done repeatedly, in case the grafting was unsuccessful.

- The grafting of fruit trees requires a minimum of a sub-material. This is relevant if there is only one or several cuttings of the desired variety.

What are fruit tree grafts?

Methods of grafting fruit trees by species of graft are divided into several groups:

• Eye, when one kidney is inoculated, which is called ocularization;
• Cuttings, so-called copulating;
• Plant - the most complex way of reproduction, called ablaktivanie.

Inoculations of fruit trees on the technique of performing are divided into:

• Inoculations in the butt;
• Inoculations into the lateral incision;
• Grafting with wedge;
• Copulation straight and improved;
• Inoculations into schism;
• Inoculations per cortex;
• Inoculation with a pipe;
• Ocularization in the butt;
• Budding into a T-shaped shield.

The listed methods are the most common. In practice, gardeners use a maximum of five.

Methods of grafting fruit trees according to their location in the rootstock can be divided into those that are made into the root, into the trunk, into the branches of the crown, into the stump. And also the vaccination can be riding and lateral. Horse grafting requires cutting the top of the stock, while the prickly in the future will form the top of the tree. Lateral inoculation is done at the side of the trunk, without cutting the top of the stock.

Differences in vaccination by time

Spring vaccination is carried out during the period of intensive movement of juices. The graft should be harvested at the end of autumn or at the very beginning of spring, but it must still be in a dormant condition. The spring vaccination is done in April or May, the kidneys should not swell yet.

The summer vaccination falls on the second half of the summer. Privoy become well developed during the current year, kidneys and shoots. The timing of the inoculation of trees in the summer starts from the 20th of July and ends in the end of August.

Winter vaccination is often done indoors. The seedling grows during the winter months, and in the spring already grafted trees are planted in the soil. Can be planted in winter and to trees in the garden, if the air temperature has not fallen below + 2 °.

Summering in the spring and summer is considered the most productive, since it is during these periods that the tree bark well depart from the trunk, the cambium is intensively divided, facilitating the procedure and ensuring a good survival of the kidneys.

Basic rules of vaccination

That the vaccination was successful? You need:

• Plant only related plants. Pears on apple or plum on cherries.
• To layers of cambium (a layer between the bark and wood) cuttings and shoots were adjacent. Otherwise, the tree will not grow.

Inoculation"

The gnawing of fruit trees "eyeball" is one of the most common methods of reproduction. Privoyem thus becomes a single kidney. In spring, the bud of a cultivated plant is planted, formed last summer. It is taken from the cuttings harvested last fall or at the end of winter. In the same season, the grafted kidney will grow and give a new escape, so spring budding is called "grafting a germinating eye."

Summer budding is performed by the kidney, which has matured in the current season. In growth, it will only go next spring, so the summer vaccine is called "ocularization sleeping eye."

What should be the graft and the rootstock?

• The scaly shoots should be small, 10-15 mm in diameter.
• The stock should be with a young elastic bark well cut with a knife.
• Interstitials for ocularization should be smooth, even without swellings and knots.
• Only a well developed and fully matured kidney is suitable for budding.

Method of budding in the butt

This is a fairly simple method of inoculation of fruit trees. To carry out the grafting of the rootstock, you must first wipe off dirt and dust and prepare a sharp knife and tape for dressing. Further:

1. On the pod with a sharp knife, we cut shallowly along the shoot by 2.5 cm. We make a "tongue". About half of the "tongue," but not more, should be cut off.
2. The kidney shield is cut from the cuttings of the selected plant. The size of it must coincide with the cut in the rootstock.
3. The scabbard with the kidney is started for "tongue". It must completely coincide with the cut in the rootstock or it is necessary to combine them so that one edge is in good agreement with the cut of the bark and cambium.
4. The location of the luminaire is tightly bandaged with a prepared tape, while the kidney should remain outside. In a couple of weeks, you can expect the results of vaccination.

Escape over the grafted kidney during spring budding is not cut to full fusion. Next spring, a shoot is cut over an ocularized kidney that went into growth if the vaccine was a summer vaccine. This method, which does not require detaching the stock of the rootstock, makes the timing of the vaccination wider.

Method of grafting with a shield in the T-shaped section

It is for this method of budding that the movement of juices is very important, since the prickly one is directly exposed to the cambial layer. So:

1. Cut the kidney for this method of inoculation followed by a thin layer of bark and wood. The length of the scute - the so-called cut - should be 2-3 cm, width - half a centimeter. Doing oculization in the summer, over the selected kidney should leave a stalk, for which it will be convenient to take a scute. During the spring grafting, the scutellum itself should be cut off with a top margin, which can be removed after inserting the scute into the pocket.
2. The cut, the size of the corresponding shield is made on the stock, trunk or shoot. First, a horizontal incision, then a vertical incision. The edges of the vertical section are carefully bent to make a pocket.
3. The kidney with the kidney from top to bottom is inserted into the pocket. The edge of the flap from below is fixed by the base of the pocket, and the upper, if it is larger, should be cut off with a knife.
4. Privoy tightly fixed tape. The dressing starts from the bottom and tightly presses the scutellum to the cambial layer of the stock plant.

Apple-buds are grafted precisely with the help of a T-shaped cut, since it is simple and highly productive. The average air temperature should be 8 ° C.

How to ovulate cherries

The cherry is planted mainly on the cherry. This makes it possible to increase its frost resistance and yield. And cherries at the same time choose bushy, which gives cherries the flexibility and compactness in the form. Cherry ligation on a cherry tree will make cherry a powerful one, and it will be problematic to cover it for the winter. Vaccination begins in the spring, in late March-early April, before the movement of juices. For this, a two-year-old cherry tree is selected, on which cherries are planted at a height of 20 cm from the soil. The cherry in Cherry takes root with difficulty, therefore it is necessary to act carefully and carefully. The optimal method will be an improved copulation with an incision length of at least 3 cm. For this, short cuttings with two buds are prepared. In the middle of July, the dressing around the graft is slightly weakened. At the same time, a stronger increase, formed from the kidneys, is left and the second one is removed. Part of the cut over the lower growth is carved into the ring.

Advices for gardeners

• The most suitable for budding will be a tree whose crown branches will not be thicker than 11 mm. If the thickness of the branches exceeds 15 mm, it is better to use the inoculum cuttings.
• The grafting from the southern side of the trunk or branch can become unsuccessful, since the kidney can dry the sun.
• A good survival rate can be achieved by budding several kidneys from different sides of the rootstock. Only the distance between the eyes should be at least 15 cm.
• At a distance of 30 cm from the fork of the trunk, the last eye should be located, if there are several.
• The use of putty when budding is not necessary.
• Okulirovka in the rain is prohibited.
• An unsuccessful vaccination can be repeated if the cortex is still separated into the stock.
• It is possible to oculate the spring and on cloudy summer days at any time. In the summer heat, the procedure is best done in the morning or evening.
• Summer dipping in dry weather requires abundant watering a few weeks before the procedure. This will ensure an intense sap movement.
• The best eyes will be those that are in the middle of the escape.
• For oculization only mature buds-eyes are suitable. You can check it by simply lifting the kidney to your ear and pressing lightly on it. If the sound is creaking then the "eye" is mature.

The grafting of fruit trees is suitable for the propagation of any cultural tree or shrub. Having mastered the technique of vaccination, any gardener can acquire a garden with grown-up varieties, and not only with those that can grow in specific climatic conditions. However, rely solely on advice to gardeners, calendars, television programs or country horoscopes are not worth it. Consider local climatic conditions and listen to seasoned gardeners in your area. And then the garden of your dreams will not make you wait long.